射干
Chinese
| radio- (chem.); shoot | to concern; to interfere; shield to concern; to interfere; shield; stem | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (射干) | 射 | 干 | |
| simp. #(射干) | 射 | 干 | |
Etymology
From Sanskrit सृगाल (sṛgāla, “jackal”); another variations include 野干 (OC *ɦljaʔ kaːn), 野犴 (OC *ɦljaʔ ŋaːn), 豻 (OC *ŋaːn) and 悉伽羅 (MC sit gja la).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yègān
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yègan
- Wade–Giles: yeh4-kan1
- Yale: yè-gān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yehgan
- Palladius: егань (jeganʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛ⁵¹ kän⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: je6 gon1
- Yale: yeh gōn
- Cantonese Pinyin: je6 gon1
- Guangdong Romanization: yé6 gon1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛː²² kɔːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siā-kan
- Tâi-lô: siā-kan
- Phofsit Daibuun: siaxkafn
- IPA (Xiamen): /sia²²⁻²¹ kan⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sia⁴¹⁻²² kan³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /sia²²⁻²¹ kan⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /sia³³⁻¹¹ kan⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /sia³³⁻²¹ kan⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Middle Chinese: yaeH kan
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.lAk-s [k]ˤar/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɢljaːɡ kaːn/
Noun
射干
- rhizome of the blackberry lily (Iris domestica), syn. Belamcanda chinensis, used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cough, phlegm and sore throat)
- (archaic, historical, obsolete) an animal which resembles a fox and that can climb trees
- 其上則有赤猨蠷蝚，鵷雛孔鸞，騰遠射干。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Qí shàng zé yǒu chìyuán qúróu, yuānchú kǒngluán, téngyuǎn yègān. [Pinyin]
- Above that, there are red apes, qurou [a kind of macaque], yuanchu [a kind of fenghuang], peacocks and luan [a kind of fenghuang], tengyuan [a kind of beast] and yegan [a fox-like animal].
其上则有赤猨蠷蝚，鹓雏孔鸾，腾远射干。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
Descendants
References
- 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “射干”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary][1] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
- “射干”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 射 | 干 |
| しゃ Grade: 6 |
かん > が Grade: 6 |
| kan'on | irregular |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 者我 著莪 |
Derived from a confusion with 射干 (yakan, “blackberry lily (Iris domestica”)) below. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
Noun
射干 or 射干 • (shaga)
- the fringed iris, Iris japonica
- Synonym: 胡蝶花 (kochōka)
- Hypernym: 菖蒲 (ayame)
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as シャガ (shaga).
Derived terms
- 岩射干 (iwashaga)
- 姫射干 (hime-shaga)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 射 | 干 |
| や Grade: 6 |
かん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 野干 |
From Middle Chinese 射干 (MC yaeH kan), from Sanskrit सृगाल (sṛgāla, “jackal”).
Doublet of ジャッカル (jakkaru, “jackal”), via English jackal, Turkish çakal and Persian شغال (šaġâl).
Pronunciation
Noun
射干 • (yakan)
- (Chinese mythology) a legendary evil beast similar to a fox
- (by extension) a fox
- Synonym: 狐 (kitsune)
- (theater) a Noh mask with the visage of the Chinese fox spirit
- synonym of 檜扇 (hiōgi): blackberry lily (Iris domestica)
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 射 | 干 |
| ひおうぎ | |
| Grade: 6 | Grade: 6 |
| jukujikun | |
Noun
- alternative spelling of 檜扇 (hiōgi, “blackberry lily, Iris domestica”)