Translingual
Han character
恇 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心尸一土 (PSMG), four-corner 91011, composition ⿰忄匡)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 383, character 28
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10529
- Dae Jaweon: page 714, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2293, character 11
- Unihan data for U+6047
Chinese
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (
王)
(Zhengzhang, 2003)
|
|
Old Chinese
|
| 皇
|
*ɡʷaːŋ
|
| 惶
|
*ɡʷaːŋ
|
| 遑
|
*ɡʷaːŋ
|
| 堭
|
*ɡʷaːŋ
|
| 煌
|
*ɡʷaːŋ
|
| 餭
|
*ɡʷaːŋ
|
| 騜
|
*ɡʷaːŋ
|
| 艎
|
*ɡʷaːŋ
|
| 隍
|
*ɡʷaːŋ
|
| 湟
|
*ɡʷaːŋ
|
| 徨
|
*ɡʷaːŋ
|
| 篁
|
*ɡʷaːŋ
|
| 蝗
|
*ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs
|
| 凰
|
*ɡʷaːŋ
|
| 偟
|
*ɡʷaːŋ
|
| 媓
|
*ɡʷaːŋ
|
| 韹
|
*ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ
|
| 葟
|
*ɡʷaːŋ
|
| 皝
|
*ɡʷaːŋʔ
|
| 汪
|
*qʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋs, *qʷaŋʔ
|
| 尪
|
*qʷaːŋ
|
| 迋
|
*kʷaŋʔ, *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs
|
| 逛
|
*kʷaŋʔ
|
| 誑
|
*kʷaŋs, *ɡʷaŋ, *kʷaŋs
|
| 匡
|
*kʰʷaŋ
|
| 筐
|
*kʰʷaŋ
|
| 框
|
*kʰʷaŋ
|
| 眶
|
*kʰʷaŋ
|
| 誆
|
*kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋs
|
| 邼
|
*kʰʷaŋ
|
| 恇
|
*kʰʷaŋ
|
| 劻
|
*kʰʷaŋ
|
| 洭
|
*kʰʷaŋ
|
| 軭
|
*kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋ
|
| 狂
|
*ɡʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋs
|
| 軖
|
*ɡʷaŋ
|
| 鵟
|
*ɡʷaŋ
|
| 俇
|
*ɡʷaŋʔ
|
| 王
|
*ɢʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs
|
| 蚟
|
*ɢʷaŋ
|
| 彺
|
*ɢʷaŋ
|
| 旺
|
*ɢʷaŋs
|
| 諻
|
*qʰʷraːŋ
|
| 喤
|
*qʰʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ
|
| 瑝
|
*ɡʷraːŋ
|
| 鍠
|
*ɡʷraːŋ
|
| 揘
|
*ɡʷaŋ
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰʷaŋ): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 匡 (OC *kʰʷaŋ).
Etymology
Related to 懼 (OC *ɡʷas, “to fear”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
恇
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
| No.
|
12727
|
Phonetic
component
|
王
|
Rime
group
|
陽
|
Rime
subdivision
|
0
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
匡
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*kʰʷaŋ/
|
Definitions
恇
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to fear; to be cowardly
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) weak
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to expect; to anticipate
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
害怕 (“to fear; to be afraid of”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
懼, 畏, 恐, 怯, 驚, 惶, 悚, 懾, 恇
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
害怕, 懼怕, 畏懼
|
| Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
害怕, 怕
|
| Taiwan
|
害怕, 怕
|
| Harbin
|
害怕, 發毛
|
| Malaysia
|
怕
|
| Singapore
|
怕, 害怕
|
| Jilu Mandarin
|
Jinan
|
害怕, 怕, 打怵
|
| Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
害怕, 怵
|
| Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
害怕, 怕
|
| Wanrong
|
驚
|
| Xi'an
|
害怕, 怕, 怯火
|
| Xuzhou
|
嫌怕, 打怵
|
| Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
害怕, 嚇
|
| Lanzhou
|
害怕, 怯, 怯乎, 怯豁
|
| Ürümqi
|
害怕
|
| Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
害怕, 怕, 虛火, 虛
|
| Wuhan
|
嚇不過, 怕
|
| Guiyang
|
害怕, 怕
|
| Kunming
|
害怕
|
| Guilin
|
怕
|
| Liuzhou
|
慌
|
| Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
嚇怕, 怕
|
| Yangzhou
|
害怕, 怕, 怕懼, 懼乎
|
| Hefei
|
怕
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
驚, 怕, 慌, 窒
|
| Hong Kong
|
驚, 怕, 慌
|
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)
|
狂
|
| Macau
|
驚
|
| Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
驚
|
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
慌
|
| Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
驚
|
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
好怕
|
| Foshan
|
驚, 窒
|
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
慌, 怕
|
| Foshan (Shunde)
|
慌
|
| Foshan (Sanshui)
|
慌
|
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
慌
|
| Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
驚
|
| Zhongshan (Huancheng)
|
驚
|
| Zhongshan (Nanlang)
|
驚
|
| Zhongshan (Xiaolan)
|
慌
|
| Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan)
|
慌
|
| Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan)
|
慌
|
| Zhongshan (Henglan)
|
慌
|
| Zhongshan (Dongfeng)
|
慌
|
| Zhongshan (Nantou)
|
慌
|
| Zhongshan (Fusha)
|
慌
|
| Zhongshan (Shalang)
|
慌
|
| Zhongshan (Gangkou)
|
慌
|
| Zhongshan (Huangpu)
|
慌, 驚
|
| Zhongshan (Sanjiao)
|
狂, 驚
|
| Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong)
|
慌, 驚
|
| Zhongshan (Minzhong)
|
慌, 驚
|
| Zhongshan (Guzhen)
|
𢗉
|
| Zhongshan (Banfu)
|
慌, 驚
|
| Zhongshan (Tanzhou)
|
慌, 驚
|
| Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
|
驚
|
| Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
|
驚
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
驚
|
| Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
驚
|
| Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
驚
|
| Taishan
|
𢗉
|
| Kaiping (Chikan)
|
𢗉
|
| Enping (Niujiang)
|
𢗉
|
| Heshan (Yayao)
|
慌
|
| Dongguan
|
狂
|
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
驚
|
| Shaoguan
|
驚, 窒
|
| Yunfu
|
怕, 驚
|
| Yangjiang
|
𢗉
|
| Xinyi
|
狂
|
| Lianjiang
|
驚
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
驚, 怕
|
| Singapore (Guangfu)
|
驚, 怕
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
怕
|
| Lichuan
|
怕
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
驚, 怕畏, 畏, 怕
|
| Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)
|
狂
|
| Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
狂
|
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
好狂
|
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
驚
|
| Wuhua (Huacheng)
|
怕, 驚, 畏
|
| Heyuan (Bendihua)
|
驚
|
| Wengyuan
|
驚
|
| Liannan
|
驚
|
| Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)
|
狂
|
| Jiexi
|
驚
|
| Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)
|
驚
|
| Changting
|
怕
|
| Wuping
|
怕
|
| Wuping (Yanqian)
|
怕
|
| Liancheng
|
嚇
|
| Ninghua
|
怕
|
| Ningdu
|
怕
|
| Tonggu (Sandu)
|
怕
|
| Ganzhou (Panlong)
|
怕
|
| Dayu
|
怕
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
驚
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
驚
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
驚
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
驚
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
驚
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
驚
|
| Hong Kong
|
狂, 驚
|
| Mengshan (Xihe)
|
怕
|
| Luchuan
|
狂
|
| Sabah (Longchuan)
|
狂
|
| Senai (Huiyang)
|
狂
|
| Singkawang
|
驚
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
怕, 嚇
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
害怕, 怕
|
| Xinzhou
|
著怕, 怕
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
驚, 怕, 怯, 畏
|
| Jian'ou (Dikou)
|
驚
|
| Songxi
|
驚
|
| Zhenghe
|
驚
|
| Zhenghe (Zhenqian)
|
驚
|
| Jianyang
|
驚
|
| Jianyang (Huangkeng)
|
畏
|
| Wuyishan
|
嚇
|
| Pucheng (Shibei)
|
嚇
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
驚
|
| Fuzhou (Changle)
|
驚
|
| Lianjiang
|
驚
|
| Fuqing
|
驚
|
| Pingtan
|
驚
|
| Yongtai
|
驚
|
| Minqing
|
驚
|
| Gutian
|
驚
|
| Pingnan
|
驚
|
| Luoyuan
|
驚
|
| Fu'an
|
驚
|
| Ningde
|
驚
|
| Xiapu
|
驚
|
| Zherong
|
驚
|
| Shouning
|
驚
|
| Zhouning
|
驚
|
| Fuding
|
驚
|
| Singapore (Fuqing)
|
驚
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
|
| Xiamen (Tong'an)
|
驚
|
| Quanzhou
|
驚, 著驚, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
|
| Jinjiang
|
驚
|
| Nan'an
|
驚
|
| Shishi
|
驚
|
| Hui'an
|
驚
|
| Anxi
|
驚
|
| Yongchun
|
驚
|
| Dehua
|
驚
|
| Zhangzhou
|
驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 會攝, 掣
|
| Zhangzhou (Longhai)
|
驚
|
| Zhangzhou (Changtai)
|
驚
|
| Hua'an
|
驚
|
| Nanjing
|
驚
|
| Pinghe
|
驚
|
| Zhangpu
|
驚
|
| Yunxiao
|
驚
|
| Zhao'an
|
驚
|
| Dongshan
|
驚
|
| Kaohsiung
|
驚
|
| Yilan
|
驚
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
驚
|
| Taichung
|
驚
|
| Taichung (Wuqi)
|
驚惶
|
| Tainan
|
驚
|
| Taitung
|
驚
|
| Hsinchu
|
驚
|
| Kinmen
|
驚
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
驚
|
| Penang (Hokkien)
|
驚
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
驚
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
驚
|
| Longyan
|
嚇
|
| Zhangping
|
驚
|
| Datian
|
驚
|
| Chaozhou
|
驚, 畏
|
| Raoping
|
驚
|
| Shantou
|
驚
|
| Jieyang
|
驚, 畏
|
| Haifeng
|
驚
|
| Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
驚
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
驚
|
| Leizhou
|
驚
|
| Wenchang
|
驚
|
| Haikou
|
驚
|
| Qionghai
|
驚
|
| Singapore (Hainanese)
|
驚
|
| Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
驚
|
| Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)
|
驚
|
| Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)
|
驚
|
| Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)
|
驚
|
| Xianyou
|
驚
|
| Xianyou (Fengting)
|
驚
|
| Xianyou (Youyang)
|
驚
|
| Central Min
|
Yong'an
|
驚
|
| Sanming (Sanyuan)
|
驚
|
| Sanming (Shaxian)
|
驚
|
| Zhongshan Min
|
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
|
驚
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
狂, 怕
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
怕, 嚇
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
嚇
|
| Suzhou
|
怕, 嚇
|
| Danyang
|
怕
|
| Hangzhou
|
怕, 嚇, 慌, 怕慌, 發毛
|
| Ningbo
|
怕, 嚇
|
| Wenzhou
|
怕, 嚇
|
| Jinhua
|
光
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
怕, 畏怯
|
| Loudi
|
怕
|
| Shuangfeng
|
怕
|
Compounds
References
Japanese
Kanji
恇
(Hyōgai kanji)
- fear
Readings
Korean
Hanja
恇 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)
- fear
- weak, tender