愈

See also: 癒 and 瘉

愈	U+6108, 愈 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6108

← 愇
[U+6107]

CJK Unified Ideographs

愉 →
[U+6109]

愈	U+FA88, 愈 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA88

← 慎
[U+FA87]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

憎 →
[U+FA89]

Translingual

Han character

愈 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人一月心 (OMBP), four-corner 8033₂, composition ⿱俞心(GHTV) or ⿱兪心(JK))

Derived characters

𠏚, 𡀍, 𪤣, 𢷀, 𤀒, 𱢻, 𣜴, 𭶖, 𤪂, 𫗃, 𥣒, 𨮋, 𩙍, 𬲠
𬲇, 𬷴, 𪬪, 𦾤, 𫗄, 𬕷, 𲊊, 𲋊, 癒

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 394, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10904
Dae Jaweon: page 730, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2322, character 15
Unihan data for U+6108

Unihan data for U+FA88

Chinese

trad.		愈
simp. ^#		愈
alternative forms		俞

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 愈
Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (俞) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
褕	low, lo
偷	*l̥ʰoː
媮	l̥ʰoː, lo
鍮	*l̥ʰoː
緰	l'oː, slo
牏	l'oː, l'os, *lo
揄	l'oː, l'oːʔ, lu, lo
窬	l'oː, l'oːs, *lo
歈	l'oː, lo
俞	l̥ʰus, lo
隃	slo, hljo, hljos, lo
毹	*sro
輸	hljo, hljos
鄃	hljo, lo
腧	*hljos
逾	*lo
榆	*lo
愉	*lo
渝	*lo
瑜	*lo
蕍	*lo
覦	lo, los
蝓	*lo
踰	*lo
崳	*lo
羭	*lo
堬	*lo
瘉	lo, loʔ
萮	*lo
騟	*lo
愈	*loʔ
貐	*loʔ
喻	*los
諭	*los

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̄
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lú / jú / jí / ū / ú

(Teochew, Peng'im): ru²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yù
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yù
  - Wade–Giles: yü⁴
  - Yale: yù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
  - Palladius: юй (juj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jyu⁶
  - Yale: yuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̄
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú
  - Tâi-lô: lú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: luo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lu⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /lu⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jú
  - Tâi-lô: jú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: juo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jí
  - Tâi-lô: jí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jie
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zi⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ū
  - Tâi-lô: ū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: u
  - IPA (Xiamen): /u²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ú
  - Tâi-lô: ú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: uo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /u⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

Xiamen, Quanzhou:
- lú - vernacular;
- ū/ú - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ru²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jú
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zu⁵²/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶yu
  - MiniDict: yu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhy
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦy²³/

Middle Chinese: yuX

Rime
Character	愈
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以主切
Baxter	yuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/jio^X/
Shao Rongfen	/io^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juə̆^X/
Li Rong	/io^X/
Wang Li	/jĭu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*loʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*loʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	愈
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ yu^X ›
Old Chinese	/*loʔ/
English	increase
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	愈
Reading #	1/1
No.	15877
Phonetic component	俞
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	庾
Old Chinese	/*loʔ/

Definitions

愈

more and more; even more
(formal) to excel; to surpass; to outdo
a surname, Yu

Synonyms

(more and more):

edit

加二 (¹ka-gni) (Wu)
加偌 (Hokkien)
又加 (⁶yi-ka) (Wu)
又閣較 / 又阁较 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
彌 / 弥 (literary)
愈加 (yùjiā)
愈發 / 愈发 (yùfā)
愈益 (yùyì)
更 (gèng)
更加 (gèngjiā)
更見 / 更见 (gen⁴ jian⁴) (Sichuanese)
益 (yì) (literary)
益發 / 益发 (yìfā)
罔 (muōng) (Eastern Min)
越
越加 (yuèjiā)
越發 / 越发 (yuèfā)
重 (Cantonese)
閣較 / 阁较 (Hokkien)

(to excel):

edit

出乎 (chūhū)
勝過 / 胜过 (shèngguò)
強似 / 强似 (qiángsì) (formal)
強過 / 强过 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
蓋 / 盖 (literary)
蓋過 / 盖过 (Hakka)
賽過 / 赛过 (sàiguò)
超 (chāo)
越出 (yuèchū)
超出 (chāochū)
超越 (chāoyuè)
越過 / 越过 (yuèguò)
超過 / 超过 (chāoguò)
跨越 (kuàyuè)
軼越 / 轶越 (yìyuè) (literary)
逾越 (yúyuè)
開過 / 开过 (kāiguò) (Beijing Mandarin)

Compounds

大愈
愈出愈奇
愈加 (yùjiā)
愈合 (yùhé)
愈愈
愈……愈…… (yù ... yù ...)
愈戰愈勇 / 愈战愈勇
愈挫愈奮 / 愈挫愈奋
愈演愈烈 (yùyǎnyùliè)
愈發 / 愈发 (yùfā)
每下愈況 / 每下愈况 (měixiàyùkuàng)
每況愈下 / 每况愈下 (měikuàngyùxià)

Pronunciation 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 愈 – see 癒 (“to recover”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 癒).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.