更生

See also: 甦

Chinese

		to change; more; even more to change; more; even more; further; still; still more	to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw
simp. and trad. (更生)		更	生

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gēngshēng, gèngshēng

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄥㄕㄥ, ㄍㄥˋ ㄕㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gang¹ sang¹ / gang¹ saang¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kng-sng / keng-seng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland (in the Second List of Pronunciation Standards for Words with Multiple Readings (1959)))⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gēngshēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄥㄕㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gengsheng
  - Wade–Giles: kêng¹-shêng¹
  - Yale: gēng-shēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gengsheng
  - Palladius: гэншэн (gɛnšɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gèngshēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄥˋ ㄕㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gèngsheng
  - Wade–Giles: kêng⁴-shêng¹
  - Yale: gèng-shēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: genqsheng
  - Palladius: гэншэн (gɛnšɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gang¹ sang¹ / gang¹ saang¹
  - Yale: gāng sāng / gāng sāang
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gang¹ sang¹ / gang¹ saang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: geng¹ seng¹ / geng¹ sang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐŋ⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/, /kɐŋ⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kng-sng
  - Tâi-lô: kng-sng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kngsngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍³³ sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng-seng
  - Tâi-lô: king-sing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kengsefng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: kaeng sraeng

Rime
Character	更	生
Reading #	1/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	古行切	所庚切
Baxter	kaeng	sraeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠæŋ/	/ʃˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚaŋ/	/ʃᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kaŋ/	/ʃaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨjŋ/	/ʂaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/kɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋ/
Wang Li	/kɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɐŋ/	/ʂɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gēng	shēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gang¹	sang¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤraŋ sreŋ|sreŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraːŋ sʰleːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	更	生	生
Reading #	1/2	1/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gēng	shēng	shēng
Middle Chinese	‹ kæng ›	‹ sræng ›	‹ srjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁraŋ/	/sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or s.reŋ ?)	/sreŋ/ (or s.reŋ ?)
English	change (v.)	bear, be born; live	bear, be born; live
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	更	生
Reading #	1/2	1/2
No.	866	11312
Phonetic component	丙	生
Rime group	陽	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	庚	生
Old Chinese	/*kraːŋ/	/*sʰleːŋ/

Verb

更生

to be reborn
- 元元黎民得免於戰國，逢明天子，人人自以爲更生。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  元元黎民得免于战国，逢明天子，人人自以为更生。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. 134 BCE, 莊安, 《上書言世事》
  Yuányuán límín dé miǎn yú zhànguó, féng míng tiānzǐ, rénrén zì yǐwéi gēngshēng. [Pinyin]
  The masses of the common people, believing that they would henceforth be spared the hardships of the Warring States period and be ruled by an enlightened sovereign at last, rejoiced as though each man had been born anew.
(figurative) to become rejuvenated; to be reinvigorated; to be revived
(uncommon) to renew; to reuse; to restore

Synonyms

(to be reborn; to renew):

再生 (zàishēng)

Derived terms

自力更生 (zìlìgēngshēng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
更	生
こう Grade: S	せい Grade: 1
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
甦生 (rare)

Noun

更(こう)生(せい) • (kōsei) ^{←かうせい (kausei)^?}

the process of restoring one to be a productive member of society; rehabilitation
being reborn; rebirth
restoring an object that has lost its value to its former value; restoration