極刑

See also: 极刑

Chinese

		utmost; pole; extreme utmost; pole; extreme; to reach the limit	punishment
trad. (極刑)		極	刑
simp. (极刑)		极	刑

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jíxíng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gik⁶ jing⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ke̍k-hêng / kia̍k-hêng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jíxíng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jísíng
  - Wade–Giles: chi²-hsing²
  - Yale: jí-syíng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyishyng
  - Palladius: цзисин (czisin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    急行
    極刑 / 极刑
    疾行
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gik⁶ jing⁴
  - Yale: gihk yìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gik⁹ jing⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: gig⁶ ying⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪk̚² jɪŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke̍k-hêng
  - Tâi-lô: ki̍k-hîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kegheeng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hiɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kia̍k-hêng
  - Tâi-lô: kia̍k-hîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiagheeng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiak̚²⁴⁻² hiɪŋ²⁴/

Middle Chinese: gik heng

Rime
Character	極	刑
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	職 (134)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	渠力切	戸經切
Baxter	gik	heng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨk̚/	/ɦeŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡɨk̚/	/ɦeŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiek̚/	/ɣɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gik̚/	/ɦɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/ɡiək̚/	/ɣeŋ/
Wang Li	/ɡĭək̚/	/ɣieŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ək̚/	/ɣieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jí	xíng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gik⁶	jing⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](r)ək [ɢ]ˤeŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯɡ ɡeːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	極	刑
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jí	xíng
Middle Chinese	‹ gik ›	‹ heng ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ](r)ək/	/*[ɢ]ˁeŋ/
English	extreme	punish(ment)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	極	刑
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5738	6861
Phonetic component	茍	井
Rime group	職	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	極	㓝
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯɡ/	/*ɡeːŋ/

Noun

極刑

capital punishment; death penalty

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 死刑 (“capital punishment”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		死刑, 極刑, 大辟
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		死刑, 極刑
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	死刑
	Taiwan	死刑
	Chengde	死刑
	Chifeng	死刑
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	死刑
	Heihe	死刑
	Qiqihar	死刑
	Harbin	死刑
	Jiamusi	死刑
	Baicheng	死刑
	Changchun	死刑
	Tonghua	死刑
	Shenyang	死刑
	Jinzhou	死刑
	Singapore	死刑
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	死刑
	Tangshan	死刑
	Cangzhou	死刑
	Baoding	死刑
	Shijiazhuang	死刑
	Lijin	死刑
	Jinan	死刑
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	死刑
	Dandong	死刑
	Yantai	死刑
	Yantai (Muping)	死刑
	Qingdao	死刑
	Zhucheng	死刑
Central Plains Mandarin	Lingbao	死刑
	Jining	死刑
	Linfen	死刑
	Shangqiu	死刑
	Yuanyang	死刑
	Zhengzhou	死刑
	Xinyang	死刑
	Baihe	死刑
	Xi'an	死刑
	Baoji	死刑
	Tianshui	死刑
	Xining	死刑
	Xuzhou	死刑
	Fuyang	死刑
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	死刑
	Lanzhou	死刑
	Dunhuang	死刑
	Hami	死刑
	Ürümqi	死刑
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	死刑
	Nanchong	死刑
	Dazhou	死刑
	Hanyuan	死刑
	Xichang	死刑
	Zigong	死刑
	Chongqing	死刑
	Wuhan	死刑
	Yichang	死刑
	Xiangyang	死刑
	Tianmen	死刑
	Guiyang	死刑
	Zunyi	死刑
	Bijie	死刑
	Liping	死刑
	Zhaotong	死刑
	Dali	死刑
	Kunming	死刑
	Mengzi	死刑
	Guilin	死刑
	Liuzhou	死刑
	Jishou	死刑
	Changde	死刑
	Hanzhong	死刑
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	死刑
	Yangzhou	死刑
	Lianyungang	死刑
	Lianshui	死刑
	Nantong	死刑
	Anqing	死刑
	Wuhu	死刑
	Hefei	死刑
	Hong'an	死刑
Huizhou	Shexian	死刑
Jin	Taiyuan	死刑, 殺刮
	Pingyao	死刑
	Yangyuan	死刑
	Datong	死刑
	Xinzhou	死刑
	Lüliang (Lishi)	死刑
	Changzhi	死刑
	Linhe	死刑
	Jining	死刑
	Hohhot	死刑
	Erenhot	死刑
	Pingshan	死刑
	Zhangjiakou	死刑
	Handan	死刑
	Linzhou	死刑
	Suide	死刑

Japanese

Kanji in this term
極	刑
きょく > きょっ Grade: 4	けい Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きょっけー [kyòkkéé] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲo̞k̚ke̞ː]

Noun

極(きょっ)刑(けい) • (kyokkei)

capital punishment
Synonyms: 死刑, 死罪

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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