欣然

Chinese

		happy	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (欣然)		欣	然
simp. ^#(欣然)		欣	然

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xīnrán

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣㄖㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jan¹ jin⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): him-liân / him-jiân

(Teochew, Peng'im): hng¹ riang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xīnrán
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣㄖㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sinrán
  - Wade–Giles: hsin¹-jan²
  - Yale: syīn-rán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinran
  - Palladius: синьжань (sinʹžanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jan¹ jin⁴
  - Yale: yān yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jan¹ jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yen¹ yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: him-liân
  - Tâi-lô: him-liân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: himlieen
  - IPA (Xiamen): /him⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: him-jiân
  - Tâi-lô: him-jiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: himjieen
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /him⁴⁴⁻³³ ziɛn²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hng¹ riang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hng jiâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hŋ³³⁻²³ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: xj+n nyen

Rime
Character	欣	然
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	許斤切	如延切
Baxter	xj+n	nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨn/	/ȵiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/hɨn/	/ȵiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/xiən/	/ȵʑjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨn/	/ȵian/
Li Rong	/xiən/	/ȵiɛn/
Wang Li	/xĭən/	/ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xi̯ən/	/ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xīn	rán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan¹	jin⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰər [n]a[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰɯn njen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	欣	然
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xīn	rán
Middle Chinese	‹ xjɨn ›	‹ nyen ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰər/	/*[n]a[n]/
English	rejoice	so, thus; (adv suffix)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	欣	然
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6665	10756
Phonetic component	斤	肰
Rime group	文	元
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	欣	然
Old Chinese	/*qʰɯn/	/*njen/

Adverb

欣然

(literary) joyfully; with pleasure; gladly; readily

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (欣然):

→ Japanese: 欣然(きんぜん) (kinzen)
→ Korean: 흔연(欣然) (heunyeon)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
欣	然
きん Jinmeiyō	ぜん Grade: 4
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
忻然

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きんぜん [kìńzéń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲĩnd͡zẽ̞ɴ]

Adjective

欣(きん)然(ぜん) • (kinzen) ^{←きんぜん (kinzen)^?}^†-tari (adnominal 欣(きん)然(ぜん)とした (kinzen to shita) or 欣(きん)然(ぜん)たる (kinzen taru), adverbial 欣(きん)然(ぜん)と (kinzen to) or 欣(きん)然(ぜん)として (kinzen to shite))

(literary) joyfully; with pleasure; gladly; readily
- 1951, 日本国との平和条約の説明書
  日本全権(にっぽんぜんけん)はこの平和条約(へいわじょうやく)を欣然(きんぜん)受諾(じゅだく)する。
  Nippon zenken wa kono heiwa jōyaku o kinzen judaku suru.
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "欣然たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	欣然たら	きんぜんたら	kinzentara
Continuative (連用形)	欣然と^[1] 欣然たり^[2]	きんぜんときんぜんたり	kinzento kinzentari
Terminal (終止形)	欣然たり	きんぜんたり	kinzentari
Attributive (連体形)	欣然たる	きんぜんたる	kinzentaru
Realis (已然形)	欣然たれ	きんぜんたれ	kinzentare
Imperative (命令形)	欣然たれ	きんぜんたれ	kinzentare
Key constructions
Negative	欣然たらず	きんぜんたらず	kinzentarazu
Contrasting conjunction	欣然たれど	きんぜんたれど	kinzentaredo
Causal conjunction	欣然たれば	きんぜんたれば	kinzentareba
Conditional conjunction	欣然たらば	きんぜんたらば	kinzentaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	欣然たりき	きんぜんたりき	kinzentariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	欣然たりけり	きんぜんたりけり	kinzentarikeri
Adverbial	欣然と	きんぜんと	kinzento
^[1]Without auxiliary verb. ^[2]With auxiliary verb.

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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