沢山

First appears in The Tale of the Heike (c. late 12th century).

Origin unknown,^[1] kanji spelling appears to be phonetic ateji (当て字)

• (Tokyo) たくさん [tàkúsáꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])^[2][3] for adjective and noun senses
• (Tokyo) たくさん [tàkúsáń] (Heiban – [0])^[2][3] for adverb sense
• IPA^(key): [ta̠kɯ̟̊sã̠ɴ]

沢(たく)山(さん) • (takusan) ^†-nari

1. (Classical Japanese) many, numerous

沢(たく)山(さん) • (takusan) 

1. much, many, a lot

• In classical Japanese, used with なる (naru) to modify nouns:

  沢山(たくさん)なる人々(ひとびと) ― takusan naru hitobito ― many people

• In modern Japanese, used with the particle の (no) to modify nouns:

  沢山(たくさん)の人々(ひとびと) ― takusan no hitobito ― many people

• 大(おお)勢(ぜい) (ōzei) (only for people)

• 沢(たく)山(さん)そう (takusansō)

沢(たく)山(さん) • (takusan) 

1. much, a great deal, liberally, a lot

• Unlike many other adjectival nouns that have adverbial senses, 沢山 as an adverb omits the particle に (ni) when used before a verb. Compare:

  Correct:  ケーキを静(しず)かに食(た)べました。 ― Kēki o shizuka ni tabemashita. ― We ate cake quietly.

  Incorrect:  ケーキを静(しず)か食(た)べました。 ― Kēki o shizuka tabemashita. ― We quiet ate cake.

  Incorrect:  ケーキを沢山(たくさん)に食(た)べました。 ― Kēki o takusan ni tabemashita. ― We ate cake manily.

  Correct:  ケーキを沢山(たくさん)食(た)べました。 ― Kēki o takusan tabemashita. ― We ate a lot of cake.

沢(たく)山(さん) • (-takusan) 

1. more than enough

First appeared in the Edo period.

Kun-reading of takusan above.^[2]

• 多山

沢(さわ)山(やま) • (sawayama) ^{←さはやま (safayama)?†}-nari

1. (joseigo, archaic) many, numerous

沢(さわ)山(やま) • (sawayama) ^{←さはやま (safayama)?}

1. (joseigo, archaic) much, a lot

• 銀子(いんつう)沢(さわ)山(やま) (intsū sawayama)

沢(さわ)山(やま) • (Sawayama) ^{←さはやま (Safayama)?}

1. a placename
2. a surname

• 山(さん)沢(たく) (santaku), 山(やま)沢(さわ) (yamasawa)