海象

Chinese

		ocean; sea	shape; form; appearance shape; form; appearance; elephant; image under a map (maths)
trad. (海象)		海	象
simp. ^#(海象)		海	象

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hǎixiàng

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˇ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi² zoeng⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hái-chhiūⁿ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hǎixiàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hǎisiàng
  - Wade–Giles: hai³-hsiang⁴
  - Yale: hǎi-syàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haeshianq
  - Palladius: хайсян (xajsjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hoi² zoeng⁶
  - Yale: hói jeuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoi² dzoeng⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hoi² zêng⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯³⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hái-chhiūⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hái-tshiūnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haychviu
  - IPA (Taipei): /hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiũ³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiũ³³/

Noun

海象

walrus

Derived terms

海象牙 (hǎixiàngyá)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
海	象
せいうち
Grade: 2	Grade: 5
jukujikun

Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

Borrowed from Russian сивуч (sivuč, “Steller sea lion”).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from Middle Chinese 海象. See kaizō below.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) セーウチ [sèéúchí] (Heiban – [0])^[4]^[5]
IPA^(key): [se̞ːɯ̟t͡ɕi]

Noun

海象(せいうち) or 海象(セイウチ) • (seiuchi)

a walrus

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as セイウチ (seiuchi). Not to be confused with 象海豹 (zō azarashi, “elephant seal”).

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
海	象
かい Grade: 2	ぞう Grade: 5
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

/kaizau/ → /kaizɔː/ → /kaizoː/

From Middle Chinese 海象 (xoj^X zjang^X, literally “sea elephant”). Compare Cantonese 海象 (hoi² zoeng⁶), Vietnamese hải tượng.

The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かいぞー [kàízóó] (Heiban – [0])^[4]
IPA^(key): [ka̠izo̞ː]

Noun

海(かい)象(ぞう) • (kaizō) ^{←かいざう (kaizau)^?}

(rare) a walrus

Usage notes

This reading is much less common than seiuchi.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
海	象
かい Grade: 2	しょう Grade: 5
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

/kaiɕau/ → /kaiɕɔː/ → /kaiɕoː/

From Middle Chinese 海象 (xoj^X zjang^X, literally “sea + phenomenon”). Alternatively, may have been coined in Japan as a compound of Middle Chinese-derived roots.

The kan'on reading, so likely either a later borrowing, or a later innovation in Japan.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かいしょー [kàíshóó] (Heiban – [0])^[4]
IPA^(key): [ka̠iɕo̞ː]

Noun

海(かい)象(しょう) • (kaishō) ^{←かいしやう (kaisyau)^?}

a marine phenomenon

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
海	象

Noun

海象 • (haesang) (hangeul 해상)

hanja form^? of 해상

[1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[3] Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

[DJR-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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