淪陷

See also: 沦陷

Chinese

		perish	to fall; trap
trad. (淪陷)		淪	陷
simp. (沦陷)		沦	陷

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lúnxiàn

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): leon⁴ ham⁶ / leon⁴ haam⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lùn-ham
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lûn-hām

(Teochew, Peng'im): lung⁵ ham⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lúnxiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lúnsiàn
  - Wade–Giles: lun²-hsien⁴
  - Yale: lwún-syàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luenshiann
  - Palladius: луньсянь (lunʹsjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ən³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: leon⁴ ham⁶ / leon⁴ haam⁶
  - Yale: lèuhn hahm / lèuhn haahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loen⁴ ham⁶ / loen⁴ haam⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lên⁴ hem⁶ / lên⁴ ham⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵn²¹ hɐm²²/, /lɵn²¹ haːm²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lùn-ham
  - Hakka Romanization System: lun^ˇ ham
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lun² ham⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /lun¹¹ ham⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lûn-hām
  - Tâi-lô: lûn-hām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lunham
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lun²⁴⁻²² ham²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lun²⁴⁻²² ham⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lun¹³⁻²² ham²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lun²⁴⁻¹¹ ham³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lun²³⁻³³ ham³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lung⁵ ham⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lûng hām
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /luŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ham¹¹/

Verb

淪陷

(intransitive) to fall into enemy hands
大陸淪陷／大陆沦陷 ― Dàlù lúnxiàn ― "fall of the Mainland": (Taiwan) the Communist takeover of Mainland China

Synonyms

失守 (shīshǒu)
失陷 (shīxiàn)
淪亡 / 沦亡 (lúnwáng)
陷落 (xiànluò)

Derived terms

淪陷區 / 沦陷区 (lúnxiànqū)