無花果

See also: 无花果

Chinese

		fruit; result
trad. (無花果)	無花	果
simp. (无花果)	无花	果
alternative forms	無花菓
Literally: “flowerless fruit”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): wúhuāguǒ

(Zhuyin): ㄨˊ ㄏㄨㄚㄍㄨㄛˇ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): вухуагуә (vuhuaguə, I-I-II)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mou⁴ faa¹ gwo²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): mu³ fa¹ go²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vù-fâ-kó
Jin (Wiktionary): vu¹ hua¹ gue²
Northern Min (KCR): mǎu-huá-guǎ
Eastern Min (BUC): ù-huă-guō
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bû-hoa-kó / bô-hoa-kó / bô-hoe-kó

(Teochew, Peng'im): bho⁵ huê¹ guê²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶wu-ho-ku

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wúhuāguǒ
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄏㄨㄚㄍㄨㄛˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wúhuaguǒ
  - Wade–Giles: wu²-hua¹-kuo³
  - Yale: wú-hwā-gwǒ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuhuaguoo
  - Palladius: ухуаго (uxuago)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: вухуагуә (vuhuaguə, I-I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vou²⁴ xua²⁴ kuə⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mou⁴ faa¹ gwo²
  - Yale: mòuh fā gwó
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴ faa¹ gwo²
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴ fa¹ guo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹ faː⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: mu³ fa¹ go²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbu²² fa³³ kᵘɔ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vù-fâ-kó
  - Hakka Romanization System: vu^ˇ fa^ˊ go^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vu² fa¹ go³
  - Sinological IPA: /vu¹¹ fa²⁴ ko³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: vu¹ hua¹ gue²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style, no sandhi): /vu¹¹ xua¹¹ kuɤ⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǎu-huá-guǎ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mau²¹ xua⁵⁴ kua²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ù-huă-guō
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵³⁻²¹ ^(h-)ua⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(k-)uo³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bû-hoa-kó
  - Tâi-lô: bû-hua-kó
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bu'hoa'koir
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bu²³⁻³³ hua⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Singapore): /bu²⁴⁻²¹ hua⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bu²⁴⁻¹¹ hua⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô-hoa-kó
  - Tâi-lô: bô-hua-kó
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boi'hoa'koir
  - IPA (Singapore): /bo²⁴⁻²¹ hua⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴²/
- (Hokkien: Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô-hoe-kó
  - Tâi-lô: bô-hue-kó
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boi'hoe'koir
  - IPA (Singapore): /bo²⁴⁻²¹ hue⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bho⁵ huê¹ guê²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bô hue kué
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue³³⁻²³ kue⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶wu-ho-ku
  - MiniDict: wu^去 ho ku
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhu-ho-ku
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²² ho⁵⁵ ku²¹/

Noun

無花果

fig
- (Can we date this quote?), 《英語撮要》, page 66:
  
  呢處有無花菓生冇呢 [Cantonese, trad.]
  呢处有无花果生冇呢 [Cantonese, simp.]
  ni¹ syu³ jau⁵ mou⁴ faa¹ gwo² saang¹ mou⁵ ne¹ [Jyutping]
  Do figs grow in this country?

Synonyms

映日果 (yìngrìguǒ)
阿驛／阿驿 (āyì)

Dialectal synonyms of 無花果 (“fig”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		無花果
Taxonomic name		無花果
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	無花果
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	無花果
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	無花果兒
Central Plains Mandarin	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	無花果
Central Plains Mandarin	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	無花果
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	無花果
Southwestern Mandarin	Liuzhou	無花果
Southwestern Mandarin	Nanning (Wuming)	無花果
Cantonese	Hong Kong	無花果
	Taishan	無花果
	Nanning	無花果
	Nanning (Tanka)	無花果
Gan	Pengze	無花果
Hakka	Yudu	無花果
Jin	Taiyuan	無花果
Southern Min	Singapore (Hokkien)	無花果
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	無花果
Wu	Shanghai	無花果

Derived terms

無花果章 / 无花果章 (“The Fig, the ninety-fifth sura of the Qur'an”)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (無花果):

→ Japanese: 無花果(むかか) (mukaka)
→ Korean: 무화과(無花果) (muhwagwa)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
無	花	果
いちじく
Grade: 4	Grade: 1	Grade: 4
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
映日果一熟

The kanji spelling 無 (“no”) + 花 (“flower”) + 果 (“fruit”) is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), to denote a tree that bears fruit without flowering. The いちじく (ichijiku) reading is possibly a Japanese corruption of Middle Chinese 映日果 (ʔˠiæŋ^H ȵiɪt̚ kuɑ^X, “fig”), itself a transcription of Persian (anjir, “fig”) + 果 (kuɑ^X).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いちじく [ìchíꜜjìkù] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [it͡ɕiʑikɯ̟]

Noun

無花果(いちじく) • (ichijiku) ^{←いちぢく (itidiku)^?}

fig tree

Synonyms

映(えい)日(じつ)果(か) (eijitsuka)

Derived terms

無花果(いちじく)果(か) (ichijikuka, “syconium”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
無	花	果
む Grade: 4	か Grade: 1	か Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 無花果 (mɨo hˠua kuɑ^X).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) むかか [mùkáꜜkà] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ka̠ka̠]

Noun

無(む)花(か)果(か) • (mukaka) ^{←むくわくわ (mukwakwa)^?}

fig tree

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
無	花	果

Noun

無花果 • (muhwagwa) (hangeul 무화과)

hanja form^? of 무화과 (“fig”)

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Japanese

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Further reading

Korean

Noun