狭い

Japanese

Kanji in this term
せま
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
狹い (kyūjitai)
Kanji in this term
せば
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
狹い (kyūjitai)

Etymology

From the 連体形 (rentaikei, attributive form) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 狭し (semashi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out. Originally 狭し (sebashi); underwent a sound change from /b/ to /m/, similar to 寂しい (sabishii, samishii, lonely, desolate), (tsuburi, tsumuri, head), and (keburi, kemuri, smoke).

Cognate with ()める (semeru), ()める (semeru), (せま) (semaru), (せば)める (sebameru), and (せば)まる (sebamaru), and may cognate with (すば) (subaru, to become narrow).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「狭い
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 狭く まく
[séꜜmàkù]
[sèmáꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 狭い [sèmáꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 狭い [sèmáꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 狭くない まくない
くない
[séꜜmàkùnàì]
[sèmáꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 狭かった まかった
かった
[séꜜmàkàttà]
[sèmáꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 狭くなかった まくなかった
くなかった
[séꜜmàkùnàkàttà]
[sèmáꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 狭いです いです [sèmáꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 狭くて まくて
くて
[séꜜmàkùtè]
[sèmáꜜkùtè]
Conditional 狭ければ まければ
ければ
[séꜜmàkèrèbà]
[sèmáꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

(せま) or (せば) • (semai or sebai-i (adverbial (せま) (semaku))

  1. (pertaining to width) narrow, confined
    Antonym: 広い (hiroi)
  2. (pertaining to area) small
    世間(せけん)(せま)ですね。
    Seken wa semai desu ne.
    It's a small world isn't it.
  3. (golf) short

Inflection

Derived terms

  • (かた)()(せま) (katami ga semai, feeling ashamed)
  • (かた)()(せま) (katami no semai, ashamed)
  • (こころ)(せま) (kokoro no semai, narrow-minded, shallow)
  • 視野(しや)(せま) (shiya no semai, shortsighted, narrow-minded)
  • ()(けん)(ひろ)(よう)(せま) (seken wa hiroi yō de semai, it's a small world after all)
  • (ところ)(せま) (tokoro semai, crowded, overflowing, cramped)
  • ()(りょう)(せま) (doryō no semai, parochial, narrow-minded, prejudiced)
  • (せま)部屋(へや) (semai heya, a small room)

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN