甘苦

Chinese

		sweet; willingly; Gansu province (abbrev.)	bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful
trad. (甘苦)		甘	苦
simp. ^#(甘苦)		甘	苦

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gānkǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢㄎㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gam¹ fu²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kam-khó͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gānkǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢㄎㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gankǔ
  - Wade–Giles: kan¹-kʻu³
  - Yale: gān-kǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gankuu
  - Palladius: ганьку (ganʹku)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gam¹ fu²
  - Yale: gām fú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gam¹ fu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gem¹ fu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm⁵⁵ fuː³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kam-khó͘
  - Tâi-lô: kam-khóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kamqor
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kam⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kam³³ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kam⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁴¹/

Noun

甘苦

sweetness and bitterness
(figurative) bittersweetness; ups and downs
(figurative) hardship; difficulty

Derived terms

不知甘苦
甘苦與共 / 甘苦与共 (gānkǔyǔgòng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (甘苦):

→ Japanese: 甘(かん)苦(く) (kanku)
→ Korean: 감고(甘苦) (gamgo)
→ Vietnamese: cam khổ (甘苦)

See also

同甘共苦 (tónggāngòngkǔ)