蠟燭

See also: 蝋燭 and 蜡烛

Chinese

		candle; wax	candle
trad. (蠟燭)		蠟	燭
simp. (蜡烛)		蜡	烛

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): làzhú

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄚˋ ㄓㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): laap⁶ zuk¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): la̍p-chuk
Northern Min (KCR): là-cṳ̆
Eastern Min (BUC): iòng-ciók
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lorh⁷ zorh⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): la̍h-chek / la̍h-chiak

(Teochew, Peng'im): lah⁸ zêg⁴
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁸laq-tsoq₇ / ⁸laeq-tsoq₇

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: làzhú
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄚˋ ㄓㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: làjhú
  - Wade–Giles: la⁴-chu²
  - Yale: là-jú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lahjwu
  - Palladius: лачжу (lačžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: laap⁶ zuk¹
  - Yale: laahp jūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: laap⁹ dzuk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: lab⁶ zug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːp̚² t͡sʊk̚⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    立足
    蠟燭 / 蜡烛
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: la̍p-chuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: lab zug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lab⁶ zug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /lap̚⁵ t͡suk̚²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: là-cṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /la⁴² t͡sy²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iòng-ciók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^(t͡s-)ʒuɔʔ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: lorh⁷ zorh⁶ [Phonetic: lorh⁴ zorh⁶]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lo̤̍h-co̤h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɒʔ⁴⁻⁴² t͡sɒʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: lorh⁷ zorh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɒʔ⁴ t͡sɒʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍h-chek
  - Tâi-lô: la̍h-tsik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: laqzeg
  - IPA (Penang): /la(ʔ)⁴⁻³ t͡sek̚³/
  - IPA (Singapore): /la(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ t͡sek̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /la(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /la(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /la(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍h-chiak
  - Tâi-lô: la̍h-tsiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: laqciag
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /la(ʔ)²⁴⁻² t͡siak̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lah⁸ zêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: la̍h tsek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laʔ⁴⁻² t͡sek̚²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸laq-tsoq₇
  - MiniDict: lah^入 tsoh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵laq-tsoq₄
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /laʔ¹¹ t͡soʔ²³/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁸laeq-tsoq₇
  - MiniDict: laeh^入 tsoh^入
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /laʔ³³ t͡soʔ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: lap tsyowk

Rime
Character	蠟	燭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	盍 (144)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	盧盍切	之欲切
Baxter	lap	tsyowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑp̚/	/t͡ɕɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑp̚/	/t͡ɕiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑp̚/	/t͡ɕiok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lap̚/	/cuawk̚/
Li Rong	/lɑp̚/	/t͡ɕiok̚/
Wang Li	/lɑp̚/	/t͡ɕĭwok̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lɑp̚/	/t͡ɕi̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	là	zhu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	laap⁶	zuk¹

Noun

蠟燭

candle (Classifier: 根 m; 枝 m c; 條／条 m c)
- 日暮漢宮傳蠟燭，輕煙散入五侯家。 [MSC, trad.]
  日暮汉宫传蜡烛，轻烟散入五侯家。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 8^th century, 韓翃, 《寒食》
  Rìmù Hàn gōng chuán làzhú, qīng yān sàn rù wǔhóu jiā. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(Wu, figurative) someone slow to pick up on hints; someone passive and imprudent

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 蠟燭 (“candle”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		蠟燭, 蠟炬
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	蠟, 洋蠟
	Taiwan	蠟燭
	Harbin	洋蠟
	Singapore	蠟燭
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	洋蠟 dated
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	蠟燭, 蠟, 洋蠟
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	蠟
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	蠟燭, 洋蠟
	Wanrong	蠟, 洋燭
	Wanrong (Ronghe)	蠟, 洋蠟
	Xi'an	蠟, 洋蠟
	Xuzhou	蠟燭, 洋蠟
	Pizhou	蠟燭
	Lianyungang (Ganyu)	燭
	Donghai	蠟燭
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	蠟燈, 蠟
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	蠟燈
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	蠟, 洋蠟
	Lanzhou	蠟, 洋蠟
	Ürümqi	洋蠟, 蠟
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	蠟燭, 蠟
	Wuhan	蠟燭, 洋蠟, 洋蠟燭
	Guiyang	蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 燭
	Kunming	洋燭, 洋蠟
	Guilin	蠟燭
	Liuzhou	蠟燭, 洋蠟
	Kokang	洋蠟
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
	Yangzhou	蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
	Baoying	洋蠟燭
	Taizhou	洋蠟燭
	Zhenjiang	洋蠟燭
	Lianyungang	蠟燭
	Huai'an (Huaiyin)	洋蠟燭
	Xuyi	蠟燭
	Nantong	蠟燭
	Rugao	洋蠟燭
	Yancheng	蠟燭
	Funing	蠟燭
	Sihong	蠟燭
	Hefei	蠟燭
Cantonese	Guangzhou	蠟燭, 洋燭
	Hong Kong	蠟燭, 洋燭
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	蠟燭
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	蠟燭
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	蠟燭
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	蠟燭
	Macau	蠟燭
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	洋燭
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	洋燭
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	蠟燭, 洋燭
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	蠟燭
	Foshan	蠟燭
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	油燭
	Foshan (Shunde)	蠟燭
	Foshan (Sanshui)	蠟燭
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	蠟燭
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	洋燭
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	蠟燭
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	蠟燭
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	蠟燭
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	蠟燭
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	蠟燭
	Taishan	蠟燭
	Kaiping (Chikan)	蠟燭
	Enping (Niujiang)	蠟燭
	Heshan (Yayao)	洋燭
	Dongguan	蠟燭
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	蠟燭
	Yangjiang	蠟燭
	Nanning	蠟燭
	Wuzhou	蠟燭
	Yulin	蠟燭
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	蠟燭
	Beihai	蠟燭
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	蠟燭
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	蠟燭
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	蠟燭
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	蠟燭
	Singapore (Guangfu)	蠟燭
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	蠟燭
	Móng Cái	蠟燭
Gan	Nanchang	蠟燭, 洋蠟, 洋蠟燭
	Lichuan	蠟燭, 燭
	Pingxiang	洋蠟燭, 礦燭
Hakka	Meixian	蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	蠟燭
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	蠟燭
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	蠟燭
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	洋燭
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	火燭
	Yudu	洋燭, 洋蠟燭
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	蠟燭
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	蠟燭
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	蠟燭
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	蠟燭
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	蠟燭
	Hong Kong	蠟燭
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	蠟燭
	Senai (Huiyang)	蠟燭
Huizhou	Jixi	蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Jin	Taiyuan	蠟燭, 蠟, 洋蠟
Jin	Xinzhou	蠟, 洋蠟
Northern Min	Jian'ou	蠟燭
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	燭, 蠟燭
Eastern Min	Fuqing	燭
Southern Min	Xiamen	蠟燭
	Quanzhou	蠟燭
	Zhangzhou	蠟燭
	Dongshan	蠟燭
	Tainan	蠟燭
	Penang (Hokkien)	燭仔
	Singapore (Hokkien)	蠟燭
	Manila (Hokkien)	蠟燭, 燭
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	蠟
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	蠟燭
	Guilin (Biyange)	蠟燭
	Chaozhou	蠟燭
	Shantou	蠟燭
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	燭
	Jieyang	蠟燭
	Bangkok (Teochew)	蠟燭
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	蠟燭
	Pontianak (Teochew)	蠟燭
	Leizhou	蠟燭, 燭
	Wenchang	蠟燭
	Haikou	蠟燭
Puxian Min	Putian	燭, 洋燭
Puxian Min	Xianyou	蠟燭, 洋燭
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	蠟燭
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	蠟燭
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	蠟燭
Wu	Shanghai	蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
	Shanghai (Chongming)	蠟燭, 專燭, 洋蠟燭
	Suzhou	蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
	Wuxi	洋蠟燭
	Changshu	洋蠟燭
	Nantong (Haimen)	洋燭
	Changzhou	洋蠟燭
	Danyang	蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
	Nanjing (Gaochun)	白蠟燭
	Hangzhou	蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
	Ningbo	蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 洋燭
	Wenzhou	蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 洋燭
	Jinhua	蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Xiang	Changsha	蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
	Loudi	蠟燭
	Shuangfeng	蠟燭
	Quanzhou	蠟燭

Coordinate terms

(someone slow to pick up on hints): 蠟燭——勿點勿亮／蜡烛——勿点勿亮

Derived terms

蠟燭包 / 蜡烛包
蠟燭扦 / 蜡烛扦
蠟燭線 / 蜡烛线 (làzhúxiàn)
蠟燭芯 / 蜡烛芯

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (蠟燭):

→ Japanese: 蝋(ろう)燭(そく) (rōsoku)
→ Korean: 납촉(蠟燭) (napchok)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
蠟	燭
ろう Jinmeiyō	そく Jinmeiyō
on'yomi	goon

For pronunciation and definitions of 蠟燭 – see the following entry.

【蝋燭ろうそく】

[noun] a candle (a light source)

Alternative spellings
蝋烛, ロウソク, ローソク

(This term, 蠟燭, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
蠟	燭

Noun

蠟燭 • (napchok) (hangeul 납촉)

hanja form^? of 납촉 (“candle”)