辛辣

Chinese

		8th heavenly stem; tired	hot (spicy); pungent
simp. and trad. (辛辣)		辛	辣

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xīnlà

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣㄌㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): san¹ laat⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sin-loa̍h
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹shin-laq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xīnlà
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣㄌㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sinlà
  - Wade–Giles: hsin¹-la⁴
  - Yale: syīn-là
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinlah
  - Palladius: синьла (sinʹla)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵ lä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: san¹ laat⁶
  - Yale: sān laaht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: san¹ laat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sen¹ lad⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn⁵⁵ laːt̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin-loa̍h
  - Tâi-lô: sin-lua̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sinloah
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sin³³ luaʔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² luaʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² luaʔ⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹shin-laq
  - MiniDict: shin^平 lah
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xin-laq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕin⁵⁵ laʔ²¹/

Middle Chinese: sin lat

Rime
Character	辛	辣
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	曷 (63)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	息鄰切	盧達切
Baxter	sin	lat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siɪn/	/lɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/sin/	/lɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sjen/	/lɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sin/	/lat̚/
Li Rong	/siĕn/	/lɑt̚/
Wang Li	/sĭĕn/	/lɑt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯ĕn/	/lɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xīn	là
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san¹	laat⁶

Adjective

辛辣

(of taste) spicy; pungent
- 朝歌大蒜，辛辣異常。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  朝歌大蒜，辛辣异常。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 544 CE, Jia Sixie, Qimin Yaoshu
  Cháogē dàsuàn, xīnlà yìcháng. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(figurative, of wording, criticism, etc.) biting; incisive

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 辣 (“spicy”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		辛
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		辣, 辛辣
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	辣
	Taiwan	辣
	Chifeng	辣
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	辣
	Harbin	辣
	Shenyang	辣
	Malaysia	辣
	Singapore	辣
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	辣
	Tangshan	辣
	Cangzhou	辣
	Baoding	辣
	Shijiazhuang	辣
	Jinan	辣
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	辣
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Qingdao	辣
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	麻
	Zhengzhou	辣
	Xi'an	辣
	Xining	辣
	Xuzhou	辣
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	辣
	Lanzhou	辣
	Ürümqi	辣
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	辣
	Chongqing	辣
	Wuhan	辣
	Guiyang	辣
	Kunming	辣
	Guilin	辣
	Liuzhou	辣
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	辣
	Yangzhou	辣
	Nantong	辣
	Hefei	辣
Cantonese	Guangzhou	辣
	Hong Kong	辣
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	辣
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	辣
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	辣
	Taishan	辣
	Dongguan	辣
	Yangjiang	辣
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	辣
	Singapore (Guangfu)	辣
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	辣
Gan	Nanchang	辣
	Lichuan	辣
	Pingxiang	辣
Hakka	Meixian	辣
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	辣
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	辣
	Wengyuan	辣
	Liannan	辣
	Jiexi	辣
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	辣
	Changting	辣
	Wuping (Yanqian)	辣
	Ninghua	辣
	Yudu	辣
	Ningdu	辣
	Tonggu (Sandu)	辣
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	辣
	Dayu	辣
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	辣
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	辣
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	辣
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	辣
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	辣
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	薟
	Hong Kong	辣
	Mengshan (Xihe)	辣
	Luchuan	辣
	Senai (Huiyang)	辣
Huizhou	Jixi	辣
Huizhou	Shexian	辣
Jin	Taiyuan	辣
	Xinzhou	辣
	Linhe	辣
	Jining	辣
	Hohhot	辣
	Zhangjiakou	辣
	Handan	辣
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	辣
Southern Min	Xiamen	辣
	Quanzhou	辣
	Zhangzhou	辣
	Zhao'an	薟
	Dongshan	薟
	Taipei	薟
	Taipei (Wanhua)	薟
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	薟
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	薟
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	薟
	Kaohsiung	薟
	Yilan	薟
	Changhua (Lukang)	薟
	Taichung	薟
	Taichung (Wuqi)	薟
	Tainan	辣, 薟
	Taitung	薟
	Hsinchu	薟
	Kinmen	辣
	Penghu (Magong)	辣
	Penang (Hokkien)	薟, 辣
	Singapore (Hokkien)	薟, 辣
	Manila (Hokkien)	風, 辣
	Chaozhou	薟
	Shantou	薟
	Shantou (Chenghai)	薟
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	薟
	Jieyang	薟
	Haifeng	薟
	Bangkok (Teochew)	薟
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	薟
	Singapore (Teochew)	薟
	Pontianak (Teochew)	薟
	Wenchang	辣
	Haikou	辣
	Qionghai	辣
	Singapore (Hainanese)	辣
Puxian Min	Putian	辣
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	辣
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	辣
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	辣
	Xianyou	辣
	Xianyou (Fengting)	辣
	Xianyou (Youyang)	辣
Central Min	Yong'an	辣
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	辣
Shehua	Fu'an	辣
	Fuding	辣
	Luoyuan	辣
	Sanming	辣
	Shunchang	辣
	Hua'an	辣
	Guixi (Zhangping)	辣
	Cangnan	辣
	Jingning (Hexi)	辣
	Lishui	辣
	Longyou	辣
	Chaozhou	辣
	Fengshun	辣
Wu	Shanghai	辣
	Shanghai (Chongming)	辣
	Suzhou	辣
	Danyang	辣
	Hangzhou	辣
	Ningbo	辣
	Wenzhou	辣
	Jinhua	辣
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	辣農
Xiang	Changsha	辣
Xiang	Loudi	辣

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (辛辣):

→ Japanese: 辛辣(しんらつ) (shinratsu)
→ Korean: 신랄(辛辣) (sillal)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
辛	辣
しん Grade: S	らつ Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
辛らつ (mazegaki)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しんらつ [shìńrátsú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕĩn̺ɾa̠t͡sɨ]

Adjective

辛(しん)辣(らつ) • (shinratsu) ^{←しんらつ (sinratu)^?}-na (adnominal 辛(しん)辣(らつ)な (shinratsu na), adverbial 辛(しん)辣(らつ)に (shinratsu ni))

(of wording, criticism, etc.) biting; incisive
辛辣(しんらつ)な発言(はつげん)
shinratsu na hatsugen
pointed remarks

Inflection

Inflection of 辛辣

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	辛辣だろ	しんらつだろ	shinratsu daro
Continuative (連用形)	辛辣で	しんらつで	shinratsu de
Terminal (終止形)	辛辣だ	しんらつだ	shinratsu da
Attributive (連体形)	辛辣な	しんらつな	shinratsu na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	辛辣なら	しんらつなら	shinratsu nara
Imperative (命令形)	辛辣であれ	しんらつであれ	shinratsu de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	辛辣ではない辛辣じゃない	しんらつではないしんらつじゃない	shinratsu de wa nai shinratsu ja nai
Informal past	辛辣だった	しんらつだった	shinratsu datta
Informal negative past	辛辣ではなかった辛辣じゃなかった	しんらつではなかったしんらつじゃなかった	shinratsu de wa nakatta shinratsu ja nakatta
Formal	辛辣です	しんらつです	shinratsu desu
Formal negative	辛辣ではありません辛辣じゃありません	しんらつではありませんしんらつじゃありません	shinratsu de wa arimasen shinratsu ja arimasen
Formal past	辛辣でした	しんらつでした	shinratsu deshita
Formal negative past	辛辣ではありませんでした辛辣じゃありませんでした	しんらつではありませんでしたしんらつじゃありませんでした	shinratsu de wa arimasen deshita shinratsu ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	辛辣で	しんらつで	shinratsu de
Conditional	辛辣なら（ば）	しんらつなら（ば）	shinratsu nara (ba)
Provisional	辛辣だったら	しんらつだったら	shinratsu dattara
Volitional	辛辣だろう	しんらつだろう	shinratsu darō
Adverbial	辛辣に	しんらつに	shinratsu ni
Degree	辛辣さ	しんらつさ	shinratsusa

Noun

辛(しん)辣(らつ) • (shinratsu) ^{←しんらつ (sinratu)^?}

(of wording, criticism, etc.) bite; incisiveness

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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