酷い

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
酷
ひど Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 酷い – see the following entry.

【ひどい】

[adjective] cruel

[adjective] severe, terrible

[adjective] very bad, terrible

Alternative spelling
非道い

(This term, 酷い, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
酷
むご Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
惨い虐い

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) むごい [mùgóꜜì] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ɡo̞i]

Adjective

酷(むご)い • (mugoi) -i (adverbial 酷(むご)く (mugoku))

horrible
cruel
あれは実(じつ)に酷(むご)い事件(じけん)だった。
Are wa jitsu ni mugoi jiken datta.
That was a really cruel incident.

Inflection

Inflection of 酷い

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	酷かろ	むごかろ	mugokaro
Continuative (連用形)	酷く	むごく	mugoku
Terminal (終止形)	酷い	むごい	mugoi
Attributive (連体形)	酷い	むごい	mugoi
Hypothetical (仮定形)	酷けれ	むごけれ	mugokere
Imperative (命令形)	酷かれ	むごかれ	mugokare
Key constructions
Informal negative	酷くない	むごくない	mugoku nai
Informal past	酷かった	むごかった	mugokatta
Informal negative past	酷くなかった	むごくなかった	mugoku nakatta
Formal	酷いです	むごいです	mugoi desu
Formal negative	酷くないです	むごくないです	mugoku nai desu
Formal past	酷かったです	むごかったです	mugokatta desu
Formal negative past	酷くなかったです	むごくなかったです	mugoku nakatta desu
Conjunctive	酷くて	むごくて	mugokute
Conditional	酷ければ	むごければ	mugokereba
Provisional	酷かったら	むごかったら	mugokattara
Volitional	酷かろう	むごかろう	mugokarō
Adverbial	酷く	むごく	mugoku
Degree	酷さ	むごさ	mugosa

See also

酷(こく) (koku)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN