鰯

鰯 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+10, 21 strokes, cangjie input 弓火弓一一 (NFNMM), composition ⿰魚弱)

1. sardine

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1476, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46413
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4708, character 9
• Unihan data for U+9C2F

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鰯 (iwashi, “sardine”). A Japanese kokuji coined phono-semanically (弱し yowashi) in the Nara period.

Spelling pronunciation, as 弱 (ruò)

鰯

1. pilchard (esp. Japanese pilchard, Sardinops melanostictus), sardine.

• (Cantonese) Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 3), page 247

A 国字 (kokuji, “Japanese-coined character”).

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. sardine

• Kun: いわし (iwashi, 鰯)

• 鰮, 鰛

From Old Japanese.^[1] Attested in a mokkan dated around 756.^[1]

Seemingly connected to 弱し (yowashi, “weak”, modern 弱い (yowai)), from the way that the fish quickly dies.^[1] However, the pitch accents mismatch; the Heian period accent for iwashi is <HHH>,^[1] contradicting to the accent of yowashi, which has <LLF> in the Heian period.^[2]

• (Tokyo) いわし [ìwáshí] (Heiban – [0])^[1][3][4][5]
• IPA^(key): [iβ̞a̠ɕi]

鰯(いわし) or 鰯(イワシ) • (iwashi) 

1. [from 756] a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard) (Sardinops melanostictus)
   • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 8:

     鰯 楊氏漢語抄云鰯〈伊和之 今案本文未詳〉

     Pilchard: [Part of the] Willow Family. 鰯 is [also] in the Kangoshō. ([read] iwasi; currently, records of its origin are unknown)

2. [unknown] Japanese sardine
3. [from 1747] an uncut sword
4. [from c. 1310] on the night of the Setsubun, a pilchard is placed at the entrance along with a 柊 (hīragi, “Osmanthus heterophyllus”) to ward off evil spirits
5. [from 1892] (slang, used by criminals) a prison guard

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イワシ (iwashi).

• 鰯(イワシ)鯨(クジラ) (iwashikujira)
• 鰯(いわし)雲(ぐも) (iwashigumo)

• Russian: иваси́ f (ivasí)

鰯 • (yak) (hangeul 약, revised yak, McCune–Reischauer yak, Yale yak)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Possibly borrowed from Japanese 鰯 (iwashi).

• IPA^(key): [ʔiwaɕi]

鰯(イワシ) (iwasi) 

1. a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard) (Sardinops melanostictus)

• Osada, Suma, Suyama, Nahoko (1977) 奄美方言分類辞典上巻 [Dictionary of Amami Dialect on Semantic Principles: Volume 1], Tokyo: Kasama Shoin, page 857
• Osada, Suma, Suyama, Nahoko, Fujii, Misako (1980) 奄美方言分類辞典下巻 [Dictionary of Amami Dialect on Semantic Principles: Volume 2], Tokyo: Kasama Shoin, page 655

Seemingly connected to 弱し (yo₁wasi, “weak”), from the way that the fish quickly dies.^[1] However, the pitch accents mismatch; the Heian period accent for iwashi is <HHH>,^[1] contradicting to the accent of yowashi, which has <LLF> in the Heian period.^[2]

鰯 (iwasi) (kana いわし)

1. a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard (Sardinops melanostictus))
   • Mokkan #2283 from Heijo Palace; text here

     青郷御贄伊和志腊五升

     AWOSATO₁ NO₂ MI₁-NIPE₂ NO₂ iwasi NO₂ KI₁TAPI₁ PA ITU-MASU

     The dried meat of a pilchard offered from Awosato [weighs] five masu.