Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ʀaˈbatʼ/ → /ʀaˈbatʼ/ → /ʔaˈbatʼ/ → /ʔaˈβatʼ/
- (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA(key): /ʀaˈbatʼ/ (singular); IPA(key): /ʀaˈbutʼw/ or IPA(key): /ʀaˈbuːtʼaw/ (plural)[1]
- (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA(key): /ʀaˈbatʼ/ (singular); IPA(key): /ʀaˈbutʼw/ or IPA(key): /ʀaˈbuːtʼaw/ (plural)
- (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA(key): /ʔaˈbatʼ/ (singular); IPA(key): /ʔaˈbutʼw/ or IPA(key): /ʔaˈβeːtʼə/ (plural)
- (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA(key): /ʔaˈβatʼ/ (singular); IPA(key): /ʔaˈβøtʼə/ or IPA(key): /ʔaˈβeːtʼ/ (plural)
Noun
m
- month
c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE,
Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 173–174:
- spr.n.n r ẖnw ḥr ꜣbd snwj mj ḏdt.n.f nbt
- We arrived home in two months like everything he had said.
Inflection
Declension of ꜣbd (masculine consonant-stem)
| singular
|
ꜣbd
|
| dual
|
ꜣbdwj
|
| plural
|
ꜣbdw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbd
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| ꜣbd
|
ꜣbd
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ꜣbd
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ꜣbdw
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|
abbreviation in dates
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Descendants
- Demotic: jbt
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲃⲁⲧ (ebat)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲃⲟⲧ (abot)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉⲃⲁⲧ (ebat), ⲁⲃⲁⲧ (abat)
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲉⲃⲁⲧ (ebat)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲃⲟⲧ (ebot)
Noun
m
- festival of the second day of the lunar month
Inflection
Declension of ꜣbd (masculine)
| singular
|
ꜣbd
|
| dual
|
ꜣbdwj
|
| plural
|
ꜣbdw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbd
|
|
|
|
|
| ꜣbd
|
ꜣbd
|
ꜣbd
|
ꜣbd
|
|
|
[Old Kingdom]
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[Coffin Texts]
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[New Kingdom]
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References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 107, 456.
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 8.22, 65.5–65.10
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 2
- ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 53, 59, 62–63