Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive, of things) to be(come) pleasing or desirable [Middle Kingdom literature]
- (intransitive, of people) to be(come) pleasant, agreeable [Pyramid Texts to 18th Dynasty]
- (intransitive, of people) to be(come) self-pleasing, selfish [Middle Kingdom literature]
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜥꜣb (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜥꜣb, geminated stem: ꜥꜣbb
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
ꜥꜣb
|
ꜥꜣbw, ꜥꜣb
|
ꜥꜣbt
|
ꜥꜣb
|
ꜥꜣb
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
ꜥꜣb
|
ḥr ꜥꜣb
|
m ꜥꜣb
|
r ꜥꜣb
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
ꜥꜣb.n
|
consecutive
|
ꜥꜣb.jn
|
| terminative
|
ꜥꜣbt
|
| perfective3
|
ꜥꜣb
|
obligative1
|
ꜥꜣb.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
ꜥꜣb
|
| prospective3
|
ꜥꜣb
|
potentialis1
|
ꜥꜣb.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
ꜥꜣb
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ꜥꜣb.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
ꜥꜣb
|
ꜥꜣb
|
ꜥꜣb, ꜥꜣbw5, ꜥꜣby5
|
| imperfective
|
ꜥꜣb, ꜥꜣby, ꜥꜣbw5
|
ꜥꜣb, ꜥꜣbj6, ꜥꜣby6
|
ꜥꜣb, ꜥꜣbw5
|
| prospective
|
ꜥꜣb, ꜥꜣbtj7
|
ꜥꜣbtj4, ꜥꜣbt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥꜣb
|
|
|
|
| ꜥꜣb
|
ꜥꜣb
|
ꜥꜣb
|
| [Pyramid Texts]
|
[Middle Kingdom]
|
[18th Dynasty]
|
interpretation disputed;
see the noun below
|
Derived terms
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive) to make an offering (+ n: to (someone)) [Late Period and Greco-Roman Period]
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜥꜣb (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜥꜣb, geminated stem: ꜥꜣbb
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
ꜥꜣb
|
ꜥꜣbw, ꜥꜣb
|
ꜥꜣbt
|
ꜥꜣb
|
ꜥꜣb
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
ꜥꜣb
|
ḥr ꜥꜣb
|
m ꜥꜣb
|
r ꜥꜣb
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
ꜥꜣb.n
|
consecutive
|
ꜥꜣb.jn
|
| terminative
|
ꜥꜣbt
|
| perfective3
|
ꜥꜣb
|
obligative1
|
ꜥꜣb.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
ꜥꜣb
|
| prospective3
|
ꜥꜣb
|
potentialis1
|
ꜥꜣb.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
ꜥꜣb
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ꜥꜣb.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
ꜥꜣb
|
ꜥꜣb
|
ꜥꜣb, ꜥꜣbw5, ꜥꜣby5
|
| imperfective
|
ꜥꜣb, ꜥꜣby, ꜥꜣbw5
|
ꜥꜣb, ꜥꜣbj6, ꜥꜣby6
|
ꜥꜣb, ꜥꜣbw5
|
| prospective
|
ꜥꜣb, ꜥꜣbtj7
|
ꜥꜣbtj4, ꜥꜣbt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥꜣb
Derived terms
Noun
m
- a kind of tree [Pyramid Texts and 18th Dynasty]
Usage notes
Some uses of this word admit of multiple possible interpretations, with some authors taking them instead as uses of the verb ‘to be(come) pleasant’ above; Faulkner reads them this way in the occurrences found in the Pyramid Texts.
Inflection
Declension of ꜥꜣb (masculine)
| singular
|
ꜥꜣb
|
| dual
|
ꜥꜣbwj
|
| plural
|
ꜥꜣbw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥꜣb
References
- “ꜥꜣb (lemma ID 35310)”, “ꜥꜣb (lemma ID 35320)”, and “ꜥꜣb (lemma ID 35300)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 167.6–167.8
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 38