Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
3-lit.
- (transitive) to pack up or wrap up
- (transitive) to enclose
- (transitive) to collect (offices or favors)
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜥrf (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜥrf, geminated stem: ꜥrff
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
ꜥrf
|
ꜥrfw, ꜥrf
|
ꜥrft
|
ꜥrf
|
ꜥrf
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
ꜥrf
|
ḥr ꜥrf
|
m ꜥrf
|
r ꜥrf
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ꜥrf.n
|
ꜥrfw, ꜥrf
|
consecutive
|
ꜥrf.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
ꜥrft
|
| perfective3
|
ꜥrf
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
ꜥrf.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
ꜥrf
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
ꜥrf
|
ꜥrff
|
potentialis1
|
ꜥrf.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
ꜥrf
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ꜥrf.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
ꜥrf
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ꜥrf
|
ꜥrf, ꜥrfw5, ꜥrfy5
|
| imperfective
|
ꜥrf, ꜥrfy, ꜥrfw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ꜥrf, ꜥrfj6, ꜥrfy6
|
ꜥrf, ꜥrfw5
|
| prospective
|
ꜥrf, ꜥrftj7
|
—
|
ꜥrftj4, ꜥrft4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥrf
Descendants
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲱⲣⲃⲉ (ōrbe)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲣϥ (ōrf)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲣⲃ (ōrb)
Noun
m
- bag, sachet
Inflection
Declension of ꜥrf (masculine)
| singular
|
ꜥrf
|
| dual
|
ꜥrfwj
|
| plural
|
ꜥrfw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥrf
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 210.20–211.2
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 45