괜찮다
Korean
Etymology
A contraction of 괜 (gwaen) [＜ 공연 (空然, gong'yeon, “in vain, unnecessariness”)[1] or 관계 (關係, gwan'gye, “bad influence[2]”),[2] (> 괜하— (gwaenha-, “useless, futile”))] + 하— (ha-, “to do”) + —지 (-ji, connective suffix for negative verbs/adjectives) + 아니— (ani-, “to be not”) + 하— (ha-, “to do”) + —다 (-da, citation form ending). Equivalent to 괜 (gwaen) + —찮다 (-chanta).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kwɛɲt͡ɕʰa̠ntʰa̠] ~ [kwe̞ɲt͡ɕʰa̠ntʰa̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [괜찬타/궨찬타]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gwaenchanta |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gwaenchanhda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kwaench'ant'a |
| Yale Romanization? | kwayn.chanhta |
Adjective
괜찮다 • (gwaenchanta) (infinitive 괜찮아, sequential 괜찮으니)
- to be nice, good, passable, OK, all right
- 괜찮아 ― gwaenchana ― It's OK
- 괜찮으시다면
- gwaenchaneusidamyeon
- if it is OK with you; if you don't mind
- 괜찮으세요?
- gwaenchaneuseyo?
- Are you OK?
- 지금까지는 괜찮았지만 정작은 이제부터다.
- jigeumkkajineun gwaenchanatjiman jeongjageun ijebuteoda.
- So far so good, but we shall have to be ready for the worse.
- (of a person) to be allowed to ...; may, can; it is OK to ...
- to be safe, secure
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 괜찮다 (gwaenchanta): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 괜찮다 gwaenchanta |
괜찮아 gwaenchana |
괜찮아요 gwaenchanayo |
괜찮습니다 gwaenchanseumnida |
| Past | 괜찮았다 gwaenchanatda |
괜찮았어 gwaenchanasseo |
괜찮았어요 gwaenchanasseoyo |
괜찮았습니다 gwaenchanatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 괜찮으냐 gwaenchaneunya |
괜찮아 gwaenchana |
괜찮아요 gwaenchanayo |
괜찮습니까 gwaenchanseumnikka |
| Past | 괜찮았냐 gwaenchanannya |
괜찮았어 gwaenchanasseo |
괜찮았어요 gwaenchanasseoyo |
괜찮았습니까 gwaenchanatseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 괜찮겠다 gwaenchanketda |
괜찮겠어 gwaenchankesseo |
괜찮겠어요 gwaenchankesseoyo |
괜찮겠습니다 gwaenchanketseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 괜찮아 gwaenchana |
괜찮아서 gwaenchanaseo |
괜찮으니 gwaenchaneuni |
괜찮으니까 gwaenchaneunikka | |
| Contrast | 괜찮지만 gwaenchanchiman |
괜찮은데 gwaenchaneunde |
괜찮더니 gwaenchanteoni |
||
| Conjunction | 괜찮고 gwaenchanko |
||||
| Condition | 괜찮으면 gwaenchaneumyeon |
괜찮아야 gwaenchanaya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 괜찮음 gwaenchaneum |
괜찮기 gwaenchanki | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 괜찮았음 gwaenchanasseum |
괜찮았기 gwaenchanatgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 괜찮은 gwaenchaneun | |||
| Future | 괜찮을 gwaenchaneul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 괜찮으시다 gwaenchaneusida |
괜찮으셔 gwaenchaneusyeo |
괜찮으세요, 괜찮으셔요 gwaenchaneuseyo, gwaenchaneusyeoyo |
괜찮으십니다 gwaenchaneusimnida |
| Past | 괜찮으셨다 gwaenchaneusyeotda |
괜찮으셨어 gwaenchaneusyeosseo |
괜찮으셨어요 gwaenchaneusyeosseoyo |
괜찮으셨습니다 gwaenchaneusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 괜찮으시냐 gwaenchaneusinya |
괜찮으셔 gwaenchaneusyeo |
괜찮으세요, 괜찮으셔요 gwaenchaneuseyo, gwaenchaneusyeoyo |
괜찮으십니까 gwaenchaneusimnikka |
| Past | 괜찮으셨냐 gwaenchaneusyeonnya |
괜찮으셨어 gwaenchaneusyeosseo |
괜찮으셨어요 gwaenchaneusyeosseoyo |
괜찮으셨습니까 gwaenchaneusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 괜찮으시겠다 gwaenchaneusigetda |
괜찮으시겠어 gwaenchaneusigesseo |
괜찮으시겠어요 gwaenchaneusigesseoyo |
괜찮으시겠습니다 gwaenchaneusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 괜찮으셔 gwaenchaneusyeo |
괜찮으셔서 gwaenchaneusyeoseo |
괜찮으시니 gwaenchaneusini |
괜찮으시니까 gwaenchaneusinikka | |
| Contrast | 괜찮으시지만 gwaenchaneusijiman |
괜찮으신데 gwaenchaneusinde |
괜찮으시더니 gwaenchaneusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 괜찮으시고 gwaenchaneusigo |
||||
| Condition | 괜찮으시면 gwaenchaneusimyeon |
괜찮으셔야 gwaenchaneusyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 괜찮으심 gwaenchaneusim |
괜찮으시기 gwaenchaneusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 괜찮으셨음 gwaenchaneusyeosseum |
괜찮으셨기 gwaenchaneusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 괜찮으신 gwaenchaneusin | |||
| Future | 괜찮으실 gwaenchaneusil | ||||
Derived terms
- 괜찮아지다 (gwaenchanajida, “to get better”)
- 괜찮이 (gwaenchani, “in an alright way”)
Descendants
- → Japanese: ケンチャナヨ (kenchanayo) (from inflection 괜찮아요 (gwaenchanayo))
References
- ^ 고려대 한국어대사전 [The Korea University Korean Dictionary] (in Korean), Seoul: Research Institute of Korean Studies, Korea University (고려대학교민족문화연구원), 2009
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 奈良林 愛 [Narabayashi, Ai] (2023) "'괜찮다'の語源と意味の変遷 [The Origin and Meaning Change of '괜찮다']" (in Japanese), 韓国朝鮮文化研究 [Korean Culture] 22 (1)