깔다
See also: 갈다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄭᆞᆯ다 (Yale: skolta).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [k͈a̠ɭda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [깔다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | kkalda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | kkalda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kkalda |
| Yale Romanization? | kkalta |
Verb
깔다 • (kkalda) (infinitive 깔아, sequential 까니)
- to spread
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 깔다 (kkalda): consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 깐다 kkanda |
깔아 kkara |
깔아요 kkarayo |
깝니다 kkamnida |
| Past | 깔았다 kkaratda |
깔았어 kkarasseo |
깔았어요 kkarasseoyo |
깔았습니다 kkaratseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 까느냐 kkaneunya |
깔아 kkara |
깔아요 kkarayo |
깝니까 kkamnikka |
| Past | 깔았느냐 kkaranneunya |
깔았어 kkarasseo |
깔았어요 kkarasseoyo |
깔았습니까 kkaratseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 깔자 kkalja |
깔아 kkara |
깔아요 kkarayo |
까십시다 kkasipsida | |
| Imperative | 깔아라 kkarara |
깔아 kkara |
깔아요 kkarayo |
깝시오 kkapsio | |
| Assertive | 깔겠다 kkalgetda |
깔겠어 kkalgesseo |
깔겠어요 kkalgesseoyo |
깔겠습니다 kkalgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 깔아 kkara |
깔아서 kkaraseo |
까니 kkani |
까니까 kkanikka | |
| Contrast | 깔지만 kkaljiman |
까는데 kkaneunde |
깔더니 kkaldeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 깔고 kkalgo |
||||
| Condition | 깔면 kkalmyeon |
깔아야 kkaraya |
|||
| Motive | 깔려고 kkallyeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 깖 kkam |
깔기 kkalgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 깔았음 kkarasseum |
깔았기 kkaratgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 깐 kkan | |||
| Present | 까는 kkaneun | ||||
| Future | 깔 kkal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 까신다 kkasinda |
까셔 kkasyeo |
까세요, 까셔요 kkaseyo, kkasyeoyo |
까십니다 kkasimnida |
| Past | 까셨다 kkasyeotda |
까셨어 kkasyeosseo |
까셨어요 kkasyeosseoyo |
까셨습니다 kkasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 까시느냐 kkasineunya |
까셔 kkasyeo |
까세요, 까셔요 kkaseyo, kkasyeoyo |
까십니까 kkasimnikka |
| Past | 까셨느냐 kkasyeonneunya |
까셨어 kkasyeosseo |
까셨어요 kkasyeosseoyo |
까셨습니까 kkasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 까시라 kkasira |
까셔 kkasyeo |
까세요 kkaseyo |
까십시오 kkasipsio | |
| Assertive | 까시겠다 kkasigetda |
까시겠어 kkasigesseo |
까시겠어요 kkasigesseoyo |
까시겠습니다 kkasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 까셔 kkasyeo |
까셔서 kkasyeoseo |
까시니 kkasini |
까시니까 kkasinikka | |
| Contrast | 까시지만 kkasijiman |
까시는데 kkasineunde |
까시더니 kkasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 까시고 kkasigo |
||||
| Condition | 까시면 kkasimyeon |
까셔야 kkasyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 까시려고 kkasiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 까심 kkasim |
까시기 kkasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 까셨음 kkasyeosseum |
까셨기 kkasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 까신 kkasin | |||
| Present | 까시는 kkasineun | ||||
| Future | 까실 kkasil | ||||