병들다
Korean
Etymology
병 (病, byeong, “illness”) + 들다 (deulda, “to enter”)
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈpjɘ(ː)ŋdɯɭda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [병(ː)들다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | byeongdeulda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | byeongdeulda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | pyŏngdŭlda |
| Yale Romanization? | pyēngtulta |
Verb
병들다 • (byeongdeulda) (infinitive 병들어, sequential 병드니)
- to fall ill/sick, to become ill
- c. 1725, 이창중 [ichangjung, Yi Changjung], “천지일가곡/天地一家曲”, in 연연정창수록/然然亭唱酬錄:
- 明命이 어듭기ᄂᆞᆫ 物欲에 病들엇ᄂᆡ / 이 病을 못 고치면 蟲豸들 멀노소랴
- myeongmyeong-i eodeupgi-neun muryog-e byeongdeureonnae / i byeong-eul mot gochimyeon chyungchi-deul meollosorya
- It is not that [Heaven's] bright mandate is dark, but rather one is diseased by material craving / If one does not cure this disease, would one much different from insects?
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 병들다 (byeongdeulda): consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 병든다 byeongdeunda |
병들어 byeongdeureo |
병들어요 byeongdeureoyo |
병듭니다 byeongdeumnida |
| Past | 병들었다 byeongdeureotda |
병들었어 byeongdeureosseo |
병들었어요 byeongdeureosseoyo |
병들었습니다 byeongdeureotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 병드느냐 byeongdeuneunya |
병들어 byeongdeureo |
병들어요 byeongdeureoyo |
병듭니까 byeongdeumnikka |
| Past | 병들었느냐 byeongdeureonneunya |
병들었어 byeongdeureosseo |
병들었어요 byeongdeureosseoyo |
병들었습니까 byeongdeureotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 병들자 byeongdeulja |
병들어 byeongdeureo |
병들어요 byeongdeureoyo |
병드십시다 byeongdeusipsida | |
| Imperative | 병들어라 byeongdeureora |
병들어 byeongdeureo |
병들어요 byeongdeureoyo |
병듭시오 byeongdeupsio | |
| Assertive | 병들겠다 byeongdeulgetda |
병들겠어 byeongdeulgesseo |
병들겠어요 byeongdeulgesseoyo |
병들겠습니다 byeongdeulgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 병들어 byeongdeureo |
병들어서 byeongdeureoseo |
병드니 byeongdeuni |
병드니까 byeongdeunikka | |
| Contrast | 병들지만 byeongdeuljiman |
병드는데 byeongdeuneunde |
병들더니 byeongdeuldeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 병들고 byeongdeulgo |
||||
| Condition | 병들면 byeongdeulmyeon |
병들어야 byeongdeureoya |
|||
| Motive | 병들려고 byeongdeullyeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 병듦 byeongdeum |
병들기 byeongdeulgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 병들었음 byeongdeureosseum |
병들었기 byeongdeureotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 병든 byeongdeun | |||
| Present | 병드는 byeongdeuneun | ||||
| Future | 병들 byeongdeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 병드신다 byeongdeusinda |
병드셔 byeongdeusyeo |
병드세요, 병드셔요 byeongdeuseyo, byeongdeusyeoyo |
병드십니다 byeongdeusimnida |
| Past | 병드셨다 byeongdeusyeotda |
병드셨어 byeongdeusyeosseo |
병드셨어요 byeongdeusyeosseoyo |
병드셨습니다 byeongdeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 병드시느냐 byeongdeusineunya |
병드셔 byeongdeusyeo |
병드세요, 병드셔요 byeongdeuseyo, byeongdeusyeoyo |
병드십니까 byeongdeusimnikka |
| Past | 병드셨느냐 byeongdeusyeonneunya |
병드셨어 byeongdeusyeosseo |
병드셨어요 byeongdeusyeosseoyo |
병드셨습니까 byeongdeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 병드시라 byeongdeusira |
병드셔 byeongdeusyeo |
병드세요 byeongdeuseyo |
병드십시오 byeongdeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 병드시겠다 byeongdeusigetda |
병드시겠어 byeongdeusigesseo |
병드시겠어요 byeongdeusigesseoyo |
병드시겠습니다 byeongdeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 병드셔 byeongdeusyeo |
병드셔서 byeongdeusyeoseo |
병드시니 byeongdeusini |
병드시니까 byeongdeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 병드시지만 byeongdeusijiman |
병드시는데 byeongdeusineunde |
병드시더니 byeongdeusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 병드시고 byeongdeusigo |
||||
| Condition | 병드시면 byeongdeusimyeon |
병드셔야 byeongdeusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 병드시려고 byeongdeusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 병드심 byeongdeusim |
병드시기 byeongdeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 병드셨음 byeongdeusyeosseum |
병드셨기 byeongdeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 병드신 byeongdeusin | |||
| Present | 병드시는 byeongdeusineun | ||||
| Future | 병드실 byeongdeusil | ||||