𐌊𐌀𐌔𐌕𐌓𐌖𐌅𐌖𐌚

Umbrian

Alternative forms

castruo
𐌊𐌀𐌔𐌕𐌓𐌖𐌅𐌖 (kastruvu)

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *kastrus, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes-. Cognate with Latin castrum, from Proto-Italic *kastrom.

Noun

𐌊𐌀𐌔𐌕𐌓𐌖𐌅𐌖𐌚 • (kastruvuf) (accusative plural) (early Iguvine)

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
1. field, possession, estate
2. head, life
  𐌌𐌖𐌍𐌄𐌊𐌋𐌖 𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌉𐌀 𐌍𐌖𐌌𐌄𐌓 𐌐𐌓𐌄𐌅𐌄𐌓 𐌐𐌖𐌔𐌕𐌉 𐌊𐌀𐌔𐌕𐌓𐌖𐌅𐌖𐌚
  muneklu habia numer prever pusti kastruvuf
  shall receive a donation [at the rate of?] a single [coin?] [for each person?]
  
  Fisier, totar Iouinar nome, nerf, arsmo, ueiro, pequo, castruo, fri pihatu
  ...of the Fisian Mount?], of the state of Iguvium, purify the magistrates, the priesthoods, the lives of men and of beasts, the fruits.^{[n 1]}

Usage notes

The term is generally used to refer to the substance according to which a payment is made. In some circumstances, it may refer to payment per capita, or per each individual. However, in other circumstances, it appears to reference payment according to property or fields.

Notes

^ Perhaps "pequo castruo" means "[per each] individual animal" or, more literally, "[per] head of animals." This could be rendered into Latin as "pecuum capita."

References

De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 97
Buck, Carl Darling (1904) A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: With a Collection of Inscriptions and a Glossary
Poultney, James Wilson (1959) The Bronze Tables of Iguvium‎^[1], Baltimore: American Philological Association

[n1-1] Perhaps "pequo castruo" means "[per each] individual animal" or, more literally, "[per] head of animals." This could be rendered into Latin as "pecuum capita."

[n 1]