πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–

Umbrian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Italic *fakiō. Cognate with Latin faciō (β€œto do”). The perfect stem *fΔ“k- is also applied to

  • πŒšπŒ„πŒ‰πŒ€ (feia) < *fΔ“kiad, in alteration with πŒšπŒ€πŒœπŒ‰πŒ€ (faΓ§ia) < *fakiad, which is parallel to Latin faciā;
  • the third person future imperative with an /-eː-/ reflecting *fΔ“ketōd, unlike Latin facitō and Oscan factud, which reflect *faketōd;
  • same thing applies to the past participle πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ€ (feta), reflecting *fΔ“ktad unlike Latin factā.

Verb

πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ– β€’ (fetu) (early Iguvine) (third-person singular imperative future)

  1. (transitive) to sacrifice
    • early 2nd century BCE, Iguvine Tablets, table I, side A (photo; facsimile), lines 2–3, 9, 11–12, 13, 13, 14–15, 16, 17, 20–21, 22, 24, 25, 25, 26, 27–28, 28:
      2 [...] πŒπŒ“πŒ„πŒ…πŒ„πŒ“πŒ„πŒ”βšβ€‹πŒ•πŒ“πŒ„πŒπŒ‹πŒ€πŒπŒ„πŒ”βšβ€‹ 3 πŒ‰πŒ–πŒ…πŒ„βšβ€‹πŒŠπŒ“πŒ€πŒπŒ–πŒ…πŒ‰βšβ€‹πŒ•πŒ“πŒ„πŒπŒ–πŒšβšβ€‹πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹ [...]
      preveres treplanes / iuve krapuvi tre buf fetu
      In front of the Trebulan gate sacrifice three oxen to Jupiter Grabovius.
      9 [...] πŒπŒ–πŒπŒ‰πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹
      puni fetu
      Sacrifice with mead.
      11 πŒπŒ“πŒ„πŒ…πŒ„πŒ“πŒ„πŒ”βšβ€‹πŒ•πŒ„πŒ”πŒ„πŒπŒ€πŒŠπŒ„πŒ”βšβ€‹πŒ•πŒ“πŒ„πŒπŒ–πŒšβšβ€‹πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹πŒŒπŒ€πŒ“πŒ•πŒ„βšβ€‹πŒŠπŒ“πŒ€πŒπŒ–/πŒ…πŒ‰ 12 πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹ [...]
      preveres tesenakes tre buf fetu marte krapu/vi / fetu
      In front of the Tesenacan gate sacrifice three oxen, sacrifice to Mars Grabovius.
      13 πŒ…πŒ€πŒ•πŒ–πŒ…πŒ€πŒšπŒ„πŒ“πŒ‰πŒπŒ„βšβ€‹πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹ [...]
      vatuva ferine fetu
      Sacrifice the ribs on a tray.
      13 [...] πŒπŒ–πŒπŒ‰πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹ [...]
      puni fetu
      Sacrifice with mead.
      14 πŒπŒ–πŒ”πŒ…πŒ„πŒ“πŒ„πŒ”βšβ€‹πŒ•πŒ„πŒ”πŒ„πŒπŒ€πŒŠπŒ„πŒ”βšβ€‹πŒ•πŒ“πŒ„πŒšβšβ€‹πŒ”πŒ‰πŒšβšβ€‹πŒšπŒ„πŒ‹πŒ‰πŒ–πŒšβšβ€‹πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹ 15 πŒšπŒ‰πŒ”πŒ„πŒ”πŒ€πŒœπŒ‰βšβ€‹ [...]
      pusveres tesenakes tref sif feliuf fetu / fise saçi
      Behind the Tesenacan gate sacrifice three suckling pigs to Fisus Sancius.
      16 πŒπŒ–πŒπŒ‰βšβ€‹πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹ [...]
      puni fetu
      Sacrifice with mead.
      17 [...] πŒšπŒ‰πŒ‰πŒ–πŒ…πŒ‰βšβ€‹πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹πŒ–πŒŠπŒ“πŒ‰πŒπŒ„πŒ“βšβ€‹πŒšπŒ‰πŒ”πŒ‰πŒ–βšβ€‹πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹
      fiiuvi fetu ukriper fisiu fetu
      Sacrifice to Fisovius, sacrifice for the Fisian Mount.
      20 πŒπŒ“πŒ„πŒ…πŒ„πŒ“πŒ„πŒ”βšβ€‹πŒ…πŒ„πŒ‡πŒ‰πŒ‰πŒ„πŒ”βšβ€‹πŒ•πŒ“πŒ„πŒšβšβ€‹πŒπŒ–πŒšβšβ€‹πŒŠπŒ€πŒ‹πŒ„πŒ›πŒ–πŒšβšβ€‹πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹πŒ…πŒ–πŒšπŒ‰πŒ–πŒπŒ„ 21 πŒŠπŒ“πŒ€πŒπŒ–πŒ…πŒ‰βšβ€‹ [...]
      preveres vehiies tref buf kaleΕ™uf fetu vufiune / krapuvi
      In front of the Vehian gate sacrifice three oxen with white foreheads to Vofionus Grabovius.
      22 πŒ…πŒ€πŒ•πŒ–πŒ…πŒ€βšβ€‹πŒšπŒ„πŒ“πŒ‰πŒπŒ„βšβ€‹πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹ [...]
      vatuva ferine fetu
      Sacrifice the ribs on a tray.
      24 πŒπŒ–πŒ”πŒ…πŒ„πŒ“πŒ„πŒ”βšβ€‹πŒ…πŒ„πŒ‡πŒ‰πŒ‰πŒ„πŒ”βšβ€‹πŒ•πŒ“πŒ„πŒšβšβ€‹πŒ‡πŒ€πŒπŒ‰πŒπŒ€πŒšβšβ€‹πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹πŒ•πŒ„πŒšπŒ“πŒ„βšβ€‹πŒ‰πŒ–πŒ…πŒ‰πŒ„βšβ€‹
      pusveres vehiies tref hapinaf fetu tefre iuvie
      Behind the Vehian gate sacrifice three ewe lambs to Tefer Jovius.
      25 πŒπŒ–πŒ”πŒ•πŒ„βšβ€‹πŒ€πŒ”πŒ‰πŒ€πŒπŒ„βšβ€‹πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹ [...]
      puste asiane fetu
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
      25 [...] πŒ†πŒ„πŒ›πŒ„πŒšβšβ€‹πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹
      zeΕ™ef fetu
      Sacrifice seated.
      26 πŒπŒ„πŒ‹πŒ”πŒ€πŒπŒ€βšβ€‹πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹ [...]
      pelsana fetu
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
      27 [...] πŒ€πŒπŒ‰βšβ€‹πŒ‡πŒ€πŒπŒ‰πŒπŒ€βšβ€‹πŒπŒ–πŒ“πŒ•πŒ‰πŒ‰πŒ–πŒ”βšβ€‹πŒ”πŒ–πŒ›πŒ–πŒŒβšβ€‹πŒπŒ„πŒ”πŒ–πŒπŒ•πŒ“πŒ– 28 πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹ [...]
      api habina purtiius suΕ™um pesuntru / fetu
      After having offered the ewe lambs, sacrifice pig-[???].
      28 [...] πŒ•πŒ„πŒšπŒ“πŒ‰βšβ€‹πŒ‰πŒ–πŒ…πŒ‰βšβ€‹πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ–βšβ€‹ [...]
      tefri iuvi fetu
      Sacrifice to Tefer Jovius.

Attested forms

  • (third-person singular future perfect) e.Ig. πŒšπŒ€πŒŠπŒ–πŒ”πŒ• (fakust)
  • (third-person plural future perfect) e.Ig. πŒšπŒ€πŒŠπŒ–πŒ“πŒ„πŒπŒ• (fakurent); l.Ig. facurent
  • (third-person singular subjunctive) e.Ig. πŒšπŒ€πŒœπŒ‰πŒ€ (faΓ§ia), πŒšπŒ„πŒ‰πŒ€ (feia); Vel. faΓ§ia
  • (third-person singular imperative) e.Ig. πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ– (fetu), πŒšπŒ„πŒ‰πŒ•πŒ– (feitu); l.Ig. fetu, feitu, feetu
  • (infinitive) e.Ig. πŒšπŒ€πŒœπŒ‰πŒ– (faΓ§iu), πŒšπŒ€πŒœπŒ– (faΓ§u)
  • (past participle feminine singular ablative) e.Ig. πŒšπŒ„πŒ•πŒ€ (feta)

References

  • Buck, Carl Darling (1904) A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: With a Collection of Inscriptions and a Glossary, page 168
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) β€œfaciō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, β†’ISBN, page 198
  • Ancillotti, Augusto, Cerri, Romolo (2015) β€œfacurent”, in Vocabolario dell'umbro delle tavole di Gubbio [Vocabulary of Umbrian and of the Iguvine Tables] (in Italian), page 19
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