πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *blewwanΔ….

Pronunciation

  • (uncertain) IPA(key): /ˈbliΙ‘Ι‘Κ·an/, /ˈbliΕ‹Ι‘Κ·an/[1]

Verb

πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (bliggwan)

  1. (transitive) to beat, scourge, cut, kill
    • Mark 5:5:
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 πƒπŒΉπŒ½π„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½π‰ πŒ½πŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ°πŒΌ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼 𐌹𐌽 πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒΎπ‰πŒΌ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌹𐌽 π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ π…πŒ°πƒ πŒ·π‚π‰π€πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πƒπŒΉπŒΊ πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΌ.
      jah sinteinō nahtam jah dagam in aurahjōm jah in fairgunjam was hrōpjands jah bliggwands sik stainam.
      And always, night and day, he was in the mountains, and in the tombs, crying, and cutting himself with stones. (KJV)
    • Mark 10:34:
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³ 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πƒπ€πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³ 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΏπƒπŒ΅πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³ 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΈπ‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒΉπŒ½ 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰 πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒΈ.
      jah bilaikand ina jah bliggwand ina jah speiwand ana ina jah usqimand imma, jah ΓΎridjin daga ustandiΓΎ.
      And they shall mock him, and shall scourge him, and shall spit upon him, and shall kill him: and the third day he shall rise again. (KJV)
    • Luke 20:11:
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿𐌺 πƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ πŒ°πŒ½πŒΈπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ° πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒ»πŒΊ; 𐌹𐌸 πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰 πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πƒ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΏπŒ½πƒπ…πŒ΄π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πƒ πŒΉπŒ½πƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½ πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ°.
      jah anaaiauk sandjan anΓΎarana skalk; iΓΎ eis jah jainana bliggwandans jah unswΔ“randans insandidΔ“dun lausana.
      And again he sent another servant: and they beat him also, and entreated him shamefully, and sent him away empty. (KJV)
    • 1 Timothy 1:9:
      π…πŒΉπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ΄πŒΉ πŒ²πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ·π„πŒ°πŒΌπŒΌπŒ° πŒ½πŒΉπƒπ„ π…πŒΉπ„π‰πŒΈ πƒπŒ°π„πŒΉπŒΈ, 𐌰𐌺 π…πŒΉπ„π‰πŒ³πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΏπŒ½π„πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΏπŒ½πƒπŒΉπŒ±πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 π†π‚πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ·π„πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΏπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΏπƒπ…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌ, πŒ°π„π„πŒ°πŒ½πƒ πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΌ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ°πŒΉπŒΈπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πƒ ** πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΌ, πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πƒ πŒΌπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΈπ‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΌ
      witands þatei garaihtamma nist witōþ satiþ, ak witōdalausaim jah untalaim jah unsibjaim jah frawaurhtaim jah unairknaim jah usweihaim, attans bliggwandam jah aiþeins ** bliggwandam, mannans maurþrjandam
      Knowing this, that the law is not made for a righteous man, but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and for sinners, for unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 2 strong
infinitive πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½
bliggwan
indicative present past present passive
1st singular πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°
bliggwa 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…
blaggw 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
bliggwada
2nd singular πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπƒ
bliggwis 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…π„
blaggwt 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
bliggwaza
3rd singular πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒΈ
bliggwiΓΎ 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…
blaggw 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
bliggwada
1st dual πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…π‰πƒ
bliggwōs 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΏ
bluggwu 		β€”
2nd dual πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°π„πƒ
bliggwats 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΏπ„πƒ
bluggwuts 		β€”
1st plural πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΌ
bliggwam 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΏπŒΌ
bluggwum 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
bliggwanda
2nd plural πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒΈ
bliggwiΓΎ 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΏπŒΈ
bluggwuΓΎ 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
bliggwanda
3rd plural πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
bliggwand 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΏπŒ½
bluggwun 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
bliggwanda
subjunctive present past present passive
1st singular πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΏ
bliggwau 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
bluggwjau 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
bliggwaidau
2nd singular πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπƒ
bliggwais 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
bluggweis 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
bliggwaizau
3rd singular πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉ
bliggwai 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉ
bluggwi 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
bliggwaidau
1st dual πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
bliggwaiwa 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
bluggweiwa 		β€”
2nd dual πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
bliggwaits 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
bluggweits 		β€”
1st plural πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
bliggwaima 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
bluggweima 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
bliggwaindau
2nd plural πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
bliggwaiΓΎ 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
bluggweiΓΎ 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
bliggwaindau
3rd plural πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
bliggwaina 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
bluggweina 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
bliggwaindau
imperative
2nd singular πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…
bliggw
3rd singular πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
bliggwadau
2nd dual πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°π„πƒ
bliggwats
2nd plural πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒΈ
bliggwiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
bliggwandau
present past
participles πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
bliggwands 		πŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πƒ
bluggwans

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ There is no clear scholarly consensus as to whether <ggw> resulting from VerschΓ€rfung was pronounced with a nasal or not. (Contrast words like πƒπŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½ (siggwan), where the <ggw> derives from Proto-Germanic *-ngw-, and which was very likely pronounced with a nasal.) For a selection of perspectives on the issue of whether or not there was an etymological distinction in how <ggw> was pronounced, refer to:
    • Miller, D. Gary (2019) The Oxford Gothic Grammar, Oxford: Oxford University Press, β†’ISBN, page 29
    • MagnΓΊs Snaedal, "Gothic <ggw>", Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 128 (2011)
    • James Marchand (1973) The Sounds and Phonemes of Wulfila's Gothic, pp. 87-90.

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 21
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