πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Etymology

πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊ (hrΕ«k) +β€Ž -𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-jan).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈhruːk.jan/

Verb

πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (hrΕ«kjan)

  1. to crow (to make the sound of a rooster)
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Matthew (Codex Argenteus & Codex Ambrosianus C) 26.74:[1]
      𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌿𐌷 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌽 πŒ°π†πŒ³π‰πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ½ πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ΄πŒΉ 𐌽𐌹 𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽. 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πƒπŒΏπŒ½πƒ 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌰 πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ°.
      þanuh dugann afdōmjan jah swaran þatei ni kann þana mannan. jah suns hana hrukida.
      Then began he to curse and to swear, saying, I know not the man. And immediately the cock crew. (KJV).
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of John (Codex Argenteus) 18.27:[2]
      πŒΈπŒ°π‚πŒΏπŒ· πŒ°π†π„π‚πŒ° πŒ°π†πŒ°πŒΉπŒ°πŒΉπŒΊ π€πŒ°πŒΉπ„π‚πŒΏπƒ, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πƒπŒΏπŒ½πƒ 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌰 πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ°.
      ΓΎaruh aftra afaiaik paitrus, jah suns hana hrukida.
      Peter then denied again: and immediately the cock crew. (KJV).
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Mark (Codex Argenteus) 14.72:[3]
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ°πŒ½πŒΈπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΌπŒ° πƒπŒΉπŒ½πŒΈπŒ° 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌰 π…π‰π€πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°. 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 π€πŒ°πŒΉπ„π‚πŒΏπƒ πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ° π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³, πƒπ…πŒ΄ 𐌡𐌰𐌸 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 πŒΉπŒ΄πƒπŒΏπƒ, πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ΄πŒΉ π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΈπŒΉπŒΆπŒ΄ 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌰 πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ π„π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌ πƒπŒΉπŒ½πŒΈπŒ°πŒΌ, πŒΉπŒ½π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπƒ 𐌼𐌹𐌺 πŒΈπ‚πŒΉπŒΌ πƒπŒΉπŒ½πŒΈπŒ°πŒΌ. 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌽 πŒ²π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πŒ°πŒ½.
      jah anΓΎaramma sinΓΎa hana wōpida. jah gamunda paitrus ΓΎata waurd, swΔ“ qaΓΎ imma iΔ“sus, ΓΎatei faurΓΎizΔ“ hana hrukjai twaim sinΓΎam, inwidis mik ΓΎrim sinΓΎam. jah dugann greitan.
      And the second time the cock crew. And Peter called to mind the word that Jesus said unto him, Before the cock crow twice, thou shalt deny me thrice. And when he thought thereon, he wept. (KJV).

Usage notes

This word is one of several words that translate φωνέω (phōnéō, β€œto sound”), but it is used chiefly with reference to roosters, for which purpose π…π‰π€πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ (wōpjan, β€œto cry out, to call”) is also occasionally used. πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒ°πŒ½ (haitan, β€œto call”), however, is never used this way.

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
infinitive πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
hrΕ«kjan
indicative present past present passive
1st singular πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°
hrΕ«kja 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
hrΕ«kida 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
hrΕ«kjada
2nd singular πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
hrΕ«keis 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
hrΕ«kidΔ“s 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
hrΕ«kjaza
3rd singular πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
hrΕ«keiΓΎ 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
hrΕ«kida 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
hrΕ«kjada
1st dual πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπ‰πƒ
hrΕ«kjōs 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
hrΕ«kidΔ“du 		β€”
2nd dual πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
hrΕ«kjats 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
hrΕ«kidΔ“duts 		β€”
1st plural πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
hrΕ«kjam 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
hrΕ«kidΔ“dum 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
hrΕ«kjanda
2nd plural πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
hrΕ«keiΓΎ 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
hrΕ«kidΔ“duΓΎ 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
hrΕ«kjanda
3rd plural πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
hrΕ«kjand 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
hrΕ«kidΔ“dun 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
hrΕ«kjanda
subjunctive present past present passive
1st singular πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
hrΕ«kjau 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
hrΕ«kidΔ“djau 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
hrΕ«kjaidau
2nd singular πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
hrΕ«kjais 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
hrΕ«kidΔ“deis 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
hrΕ«kjaizau
3rd singular πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
hrΕ«kjai 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
hrΕ«kidΔ“di 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
hrΕ«kjaidau
1st dual πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
hrΕ«kjaiwa 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
hrΕ«kidΔ“deiwa 		β€”
2nd dual πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
hrΕ«kjaits 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
hrΕ«kidΔ“deits 		β€”
1st plural πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
hrΕ«kjaima 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
hrΕ«kidΔ“deima 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
hrΕ«kjaindau
2nd plural πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
hrΕ«kjaiΓΎ 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
hrΕ«kidΔ“deiΓΎ 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
hrΕ«kjaindau
3rd plural πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
hrΕ«kjaina 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
hrΕ«kidΔ“deina 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
hrΕ«kjaindau
imperative
2nd singular πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ΄πŒΉ
hrΕ«kei
3rd singular πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
hrΕ«kjadau
2nd dual πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
hrΕ«kjats
2nd plural πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
hrΕ«keiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
hrΕ«kjandau
present past
participles πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
hrΕ«kjands 		πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΉπŒΈπƒ
hrΕ«kiΓΎs

Synonyms

See also

References

  1. ^ Matthew chapter 26 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
  2. ^ John chapter 18 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2015-09-29 by TDH.
  3. ^ Mark chapter 14 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2015-09-29 by TDH.

Further reading

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