𐰋𐰃𐰾

Orkhon script variant of 𐽼𐽶𐽿𐽹𐽰𐽲 (pyšmʾq /⁠bïš-⁠/).

Terms in Uyghur script and other scripts employed after the turn of the millennia frequently feature a back-voweled variant of this term (/*bɯʃ/, instead of the expected /*biʃ/,) a secondary development from Proto-Turkic *biĺč- (“to ripen”), perhaps influenced by the coda -š.

This form, attested in Ïrḳ Bitig, is the older variant, and most likely the original pronunciation.

𐰋𐰃𐰾 (b²is² /biš-/)

1. (intransitive) to mature, to ripen (of crops)
   • c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 53 (46.r08-l01):^[1]

     𐰖𐰍𐰑𐰃⸱𐱃𐰺𐰃
     𐰍⸱𐰋𐰃𐰾𐰓𐰃⸱
     𐰖𐰽⸱𐱇⸱𐰇𐰤𐰓

     y¹ǧd¹i⸱t¹r¹i
     ǧ⸱b²is²d²i⸱
     y¹s¹⸱t̥⸱ün²d²

     / […] yaġdï. Tarïġ bišdi. Yaš ot ünd[i]./

     […] It rained. The millet crops ripened. The fresh grass sprouted.

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “bış-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 376
• Tekin, Mehmet Talât (2004) Irk Bitig: Book of Omens (Turcologica; 18), →ISBN, pages 22-23
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “biš- (r) → bıš-”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 180