𐰺𐰞𐰃

Old Uyghur

Etymology

Unknown.

Malov (1951) and Nadelyayev, Tenišev and Ščerbak (1969) argue for a potential relation with Proto-Mongolic *aral (“island”). It should be noted however that the earliest attested form of *aral in any Mongolic language dates to 15th century, more than five centuries later Ïrḳ Bitig was penned down.

Clauson (1972) argues for either a scribal error or a borrowing from a substrate language.

Tekin (2004) connects this word with 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽰 (ʾʾrʾ /⁠ara⁠/, “interval”), from *āra, but the vowel length discrepancy and the fact that second vowel cannot be ascertained leaves his explanation imperfect.

Adjective or a Noun

𐰺𐰞𐰃 (r¹l¹i /arlï, aralı̈̄, arïlı̈̄, aral/)

  1. (hapax legomenon, zootomy) Exact meaning is unclear[1][2][3][4][5]
    • c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 60 (51.l06-l08):[6]
      𐱃𐰆𐰸𐰆𐰔⸱𐰺𐰞𐰃⸱
      𐰽𐰃𐰍𐰆𐰣⸱𐰚𐰃𐰘
      𐰃𐰚⸱𐰢𐰤⸱𐰋𐰓
      t¹uq̊¹uz⸱r¹l¹i⸱
      s¹iǧun¹⸱kiy²
      ik⸱mn²⸱b²d²
      /Toḳuz arlï sïġun kéyik men. […] /
      I am a male maral deer [with?[7]] nine (???).

References

  1. ^ "bifurcations, branches on horns" according to Clauson (1972), VATEC (1999-2003), Tekin (2004) and Wilkens (2021).
  2. ^ "horns" according to Wilkens (2021).
  3. ^ "...-months of age" according to Clauson (1972).
  4. ^ "thicket" according to Thomsen (1922) and Nadelyayev, Tenišev and Ščerbak (1969).
  5. ^ "island" according to Malov (1951) and Nadelyayev, Tenišev and Ščerbak (1969). (cf. Proto-Mongolic *aral)
  6. ^ https://idp.bl.uk/uv/?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.idp.bl.uk%2Fiiif%2F3%2Fmanifest%2F0EB6E2F74517416E9C8C2A63B67BD21D#?c=&m=&cv=51&xywh=-1%2C-190%2C1491%2C1486
  7. ^ If the hypotheses of Thomsen, Malov or Ščerbak et al. are to be accepted, this part could be translated as "...of nine thickets", or "...of nine islands".
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “aralı:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 230
  • Malov, Sergey Yefimovich (1951) Pamjatniki drevnetjurkskoj pis´mennosti (in Russian), pages 80-92
  • Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), “ARAL”, in Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, page 50
  • Tekin, Mehmet Talât (2004) Irk Bitig: Book of Omens (Turcologica; 18), →ISBN, pages 24, 44, 50
  • Thomsen, Vilhelm (1922) Dr. M. A. Stein's Manuscripts in Turkish 'Runic' Script from Miran and Tun-huang (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society; 44), →ISSN, page 208
  • Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(a)rlı (r)”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 64
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