𐽰𐽳𐽲
Old Uyghur
| Uyghur script | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾄 (ʾwq̈ /oḳ/) 𐽰𐽳𐽷 (ʾwk /ok, ök/) 𐽰𐽳𐽳𐽲 (ʾwwq /ooḳ/) |
|---|---|
| Orkhon script | 𐰸 (q̊¹ /oḳ, uḳ/)[1] |
| Sogdian script | 𐼰𐼴𐼲𐽆 (ʾwq̣ /oḳ/) |
| Syriac script | ܐܘܝܓ (ʾwyγ /ög/) |
| Brahmi script | 𑀑𑀳𑁆𑀓𑁆 (ohk /oḳ/) 𑀅𑀳𑁆𑀓𑁆 (ahk /aḳ/) 𑀅𑀬𑁆𑀓𑁄 (ayko /öḳ/) |
| Tibetan script | ཨོག (ʔoɡ /öḳ/) |
| Han script | 傲 (ngawH /oḳ, aḳ/) |
| preceding vowel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| a / ï | ä / e / i | o / u | ö / ü |
| -𐽰𐽳𐽲 (-ʾwq) | -𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷 (-ʾwyk) | -𐽰𐽳𐽲 (-ʾwq) | -𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷 (-ʾwyk) |
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ok (“emphatic particle”).
Particle
𐽰𐽳𐽲 (ʾwq /oḳ, uḳ, -oḳ, -uḳ/)
- an emphatic particle, used with pronouns for emphasis and referral back to a previous subject
- 呀林庫思傲 ― ngae.lim.khuH.si.ngawH /yalïnġus oḳ/ ― one alone
- c. 10th century, 1361, 1687, Šeŋko Šäli Tutuŋ (勝光闍梨都統), Altun Yaruḳ Süü Ülüš: 17.17-20:[2]
- 𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽰𐽳𐽲 𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽶𐽳
𐽼𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐾀𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐾂 𐽲𐽳 𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾁𐽲 𐽲𐽶𐽶 𐾀𐽰𐽲𐽶
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾁𐽲 𐽼𐽰𐽷 𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽷𐽶𐽻𐽶 𐽻𐽶
𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽶𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺 𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐽻𐽳𐽺 𐽰𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽼- ʾwl ʾwq ʾyncyw
pʾlyq tʾ ʾʾṅ qw ʾʾtlq qyy tʾqy
kwyncynk ʾʾtlq pʾk nynk kysy sy
pyr yyl twyn y ʾwswn ʾyklʾp - /[Yana anta ken,] ol oḳ Ïn-čïu
balïḳta, Anḳo atlïġ ḳïydaḳï
Künčiŋ atlïġ bägniŋ kišisi
bir yïl töni uzun igläp./ - [Furthermore,] in that same exact city of Wenzhou, the wife of the prince Künčiŋ (縣丞), who was from the district of Anḳo (安固), got sick for a year.
- ʾwl ʾwq ʾyncyw
- 𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽰𐽳𐽲 𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽶𐽳
Descendants
- ⇒ Western Yugur: ohqdahrɢo (oʰqdaʰrɢo, “suddenly”)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ok (“arrow”).
Noun
𐽰𐽳𐽲 (ʾwq /oḳ/)
- arrow
- Synonym: 𐽻𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽺𐽷 (syrynk /siriŋ/)
- 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾄𐽳𐽲 𐾀𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽸𐽰𐽽𐽶
- ʾʾqwlwq ʾwq̈wq tʾrtdʾcy
- /Aġuluġ oḳuġ tartdačï/
- One who draws a poison-arrow, Śalyāhṛt (an epithet of the Buddha)
- hand (of a clock, more specifically, of a water clock or a sundial)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽺𐽸𐽰𐽽𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾄
- ʾwnkʾrw tʾkzyndʾcy ʾwq̈
- /Oŋaru tägzindäči oḳ/
- Hour hand that moves clock-wise.
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲 (ʾwq) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwqlʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwqnwnk) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwqlʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰 (ʾwqqʾ) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (ʾwqlʾrqʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽲 (ʾwqwq), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽶 (ʾwqny) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾwqlʾryq), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾwqlʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽰 (ʾwqtʾ) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾwqlʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqtyn) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqlʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽺 (ʾwqwn) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqlʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽽𐽰 (ʾwqcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾwqqʾrw), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰 (ʾwqrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾwqlʾyw) |
Compound terms
- 𐰖𐰽𐰃𐰲𐰸 (y¹s¹ičq̊¹ /yasïč oḳ/, “wide arrowhead”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽲 𐽰𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾwq ʾtmʾq /oḳ at-/, “to shoot an arrow”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽲 𐽶𐽰 (ʾwq yʾ /oḳ ya/, “bow and arrow”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽲 𐽷𐽰𐽴𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾwq kʾzʾmʾk /oḳ käzämäk/, “winding of an arrow between two pulled ends of a composite bow”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽲 𐽻𐽰𐽼𐾁𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾwq sʾplʾmʾq /oḳ sapla-/, “to fix the arrow on the bowstring”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽲 𐽻𐽶𐽱𐽲𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾwq syβqʾmʾq /oḳ sïvġa-/, “to miss a shot”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽲 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwq pwrwnk /oḳ buruŋ/, “shooting of an arrow”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾwqqʾ pʾqlʾtmʾq /oḳḳa baġlat-/, “to notify”, literally “to tie [news] to an arrow”)
- 𐽻𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽲 (syrynk ʾwq /siriŋ oḳ/, “whistling arrow”)
Derived terms
Descendants
- Western Yugur: ohq (oʰq, “arrow”)
Etymology 3
Derived from Proto-Turkic *ok (“arrow”) with the specific semantic shift of "opportunity" < "inheritance" < "arrow"[3] (Perhaps evident of an old ceremonial passing of a torch from parents to offspring. See more at the Proto-Turkic entry).
Compare Karakhanid اُوقْ (oḳ, “a share of inherited property and goods”).[4]
Noun
𐽰𐽳𐽲 (ʾwq /oḳ/)
- opportunity, chance
- Synonyms: 𐽽𐽳𐾁𐽰 (cwlʾ /čola/), 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽽 (tʾkync /täginč/), 𐾀𐽳𐽿 (twš /tuš/), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽾 (ʾwqwr /uġur/), 𐽶𐽶𐽲 (yyq /yïḳ/), 𐽶𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽰 (ywynyncʾ /yöninčä/)
- 𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾄 𐾀𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽸𐽶𐾈
- ʾwl ʾwq̈ tylʾdy
- /Ol oḳ tilädi./
- They sought an opportunity.
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲 (ʾwq) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwqlʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwqnwnk) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwqlʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰 (ʾwqqʾ) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (ʾwqlʾrqʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽲 (ʾwqwq), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽶 (ʾwqny) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾwqlʾryq), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾwqlʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽰 (ʾwqtʾ) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾwqlʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqtyn) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqlʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽺 (ʾwqwn) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqlʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽽𐽰 (ʾwqcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾwqqʾrw), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰 (ʾwqrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾwqlʾyw) |
Derived terms
- 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽶𐽲 (ʾwqyq /oḳïġ/, “invitation”) (?)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽲 (ʾwqytyq /oḳïtïġ/, “a call for help”) (?)
Etymology 4
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ūk (“tent rib”).
Noun
𐽰𐽳𐽲 (ʾwq /uġ/)
- (architecture, rare) tent rib, pole
- (rare) spoke
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲 (ʾwq) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwqlʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwqnwnk) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwqlʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰 (ʾwqqʾ) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (ʾwqlʾrqʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽲 (ʾwqwq), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽶 (ʾwqny) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾwqlʾryq), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾwqlʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽰 (ʾwqtʾ) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾwqlʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqtyn) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqlʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽺 (ʾwqwn) | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqlʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽽𐽰 (ʾwqcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾwqqʾrw), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰 (ʾwqrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾwqlʾyw) |
References
- ^ Attested as 𐰆𐰞𐰸 (ul¹q̊¹ /ol-oḳ/, “they themself”)
- ^ Not listed.
- ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “(1) ok”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 76
- ^ al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume 1, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 48
Further reading
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “oḳ”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 140
- Kaya, Ceval (1994) Uygurca Altun Yaruk: Giriş, Metin ve Dizin (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 607) (in Turkish), →ISBN, page 67
- Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), “OQ (I, III, IV)”, in Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, pages 368-369
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1, 2, 3) ok”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 504-505
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “ug”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 787
- Yunusoğlu, Mağfiret Kemal (2012) Uygurca-Çince İdikut Sözlüğü[1] (in Turkish), Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 168