𐽰𐽳𐽲

Old Uyghur

Orthographic variants
Uyghur script 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾄 (ʾwq̈ /⁠oḳ⁠/)
𐽰𐽳𐽷 (ʾwk /⁠ok, ök⁠/)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐽲 (ʾwwq /⁠ooḳ⁠/)
Orkhon script 𐰸 (q̊¹ /⁠oḳ, uḳ⁠/)[1]
Sogdian script 𐼰𐼴𐼲𐽆 (ʾwq̣ /⁠oḳ⁠/)
Syriac script ܐܘܝܓ (ʾwyγ /⁠ög⁠/)
Brahmi script 𑀑𑀳𑁆𑀓𑁆 (ohk /⁠oḳ⁠/)
𑀅𑀳𑁆𑀓𑁆 (ahk /⁠aḳ⁠/)
𑀅𑀬𑁆𑀓𑁄 (ayko /⁠öḳ⁠/)
Tibetan script ཨོག (ʔoɡ /⁠öḳ⁠/)
Han script (ngawH /⁠oḳ, aḳ⁠/)
preceding vowel
a / ï ä / e / i o / u ö / ü
-𐽰𐽳𐽲 (-ʾwq) -𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷 (-ʾwyk) -𐽰𐽳𐽲 (-ʾwq) -𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷 (-ʾwyk)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ok (emphatic particle).

Particle

𐽰𐽳𐽲 (ʾwq /oḳ, uḳ, -oḳ, -uḳ/)

  1. an emphatic particle, used with pronouns for emphasis and referral back to a previous subject
    呀林庫思ngae.lim.khuH.si.ngawH /yalïnġus oḳ/ ― one alone
    • c. 10th century, 1361, 1687, Šeŋko Šäli Tutuŋ (勝光闍梨都統), Altun Yaruḳ Süü Ülüš: 17.17-20:[2]
      𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽰𐽳𐽲 𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽶𐽳
      𐽼𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐾀𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐾂 𐽲𐽳 𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾁𐽲 𐽲𐽶𐽶 𐾀𐽰𐽲𐽶
      𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾁𐽲 𐽼𐽰𐽷 𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽷𐽶𐽻𐽶 𐽻𐽶
      𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽶𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺 𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐽻𐽳𐽺 𐽰𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽼
      ʾwl ʾwq ʾyncyw
      pʾlyq tʾ ʾʾṅ qw ʾʾtlq qyy tʾqy
      kwyncynk ʾʾtlq pʾk nynk kysy sy
      pyr yyl twyn y ʾwswn ʾyklʾp
      /[Yana anta ken,] ol oḳ Ïn-čïu
      balïḳta, Anḳo atlïġ ḳïydaḳï
      Künčiŋ atlïġ bägniŋ kišisi
      bir yïl töni uzun igläp.
      /
      [Furthermore,] in that same exact city of Wenzhou, the wife of the prince Künčiŋ (縣丞), who was from the district of Anḳo (安固), got sick for a year.
Descendants
  • Western Yugur: ohqdahrɢo (oʰqdaʰrɢo, suddenly)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ok (arrow).

Noun

𐽰𐽳𐽲 (ʾwq /oḳ/)

  1. arrow
    Synonym: 𐽻𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽺𐽷 (syrynk /⁠siriŋ⁠/)
    𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾄𐽳𐽲 𐾀𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽸𐽰𐽽𐽶
    ʾʾqwlwq ʾwq̈wq tʾrtdʾcy
    /Aġuluġ oḳuġ tartdačï/
    One who draws a poison-arrow, Śalyāhṛt (an epithet of the Buddha)
  2. hand (of a clock, more specifically, of a water clock or a sundial)
    𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽺𐽸𐽰𐽽𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾄
    ʾwnkʾrw tʾkzyndʾcy ʾwq̈
    /Oŋaru tägzindäči oḳ/
    Hour hand that moves clock-wise.
Declension
Declension of 𐽰𐽳𐽲
singular definite plural
nominative 𐽰𐽳𐽲 (ʾwq) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwqlʾr)
genitive 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwqnwnk) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwqlʾrnynk)
dative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰 (ʾwqqʾ) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (ʾwqlʾrqʾ)
accusative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽲 (ʾwqwq), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽶 (ʾwqny) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾwqlʾryq), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾwqlʾrny)
locative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽰 (ʾwqtʾ) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾwqlʾrtʾ)
ablative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqtyn) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqlʾrtyn)
instrumental 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽺 (ʾwqwn) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqlʾryn)
equative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽽𐽰 (ʾwqcʾ)
directive 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾwqqʾrw), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰 (ʾwqrʾ)
similative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾwqlʾyw)
Compound terms
  • 𐰖𐰽𐰃𐰲𐰸 (y¹s¹ičq̊¹ /⁠yasïč oḳ⁠/, wide arrowhead)
  • 𐽰𐽳𐽲 𐽰𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾwq ʾtmʾq /⁠oḳ at-⁠/, to shoot an arrow)
  • 𐽰𐽳𐽲 𐽶𐽰 (ʾwq yʾ /⁠oḳ ya⁠/, bow and arrow)
  • 𐽰𐽳𐽲 𐽷𐽰𐽴𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾwq kʾzʾmʾk /⁠oḳ käzämäk⁠/, winding of an arrow between two pulled ends of a composite bow)
  • 𐽰𐽳𐽲 𐽻𐽰𐽼𐾁𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾwq sʾplʾmʾq /⁠oḳ sapla-⁠/, to fix the arrow on the bowstring)
  • 𐽰𐽳𐽲 𐽻𐽶𐽱𐽲𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾwq syβqʾmʾq /⁠oḳ sïvġa-⁠/, to miss a shot)
  • 𐽰𐽳𐽲 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwq pwrwnk /⁠oḳ buruŋ⁠/, shooting of an arrow)
  • 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾwqqʾ pʾqlʾtmʾq /⁠oḳḳa baġlat-⁠/, to notify, literally to tie [news] to an arrow)
  • 𐽻𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽲 (syrynk ʾwq /⁠siriŋ oḳ⁠/, whistling arrow)
Derived terms
  • 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽾𐽰 (ʾwqwrʾ /⁠oḳura⁠/, maggot) (?)
  • 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽽𐽶 (ʾwqcy /⁠oḳčï⁠/, archer)
  • 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽳 (ʾwqtw /⁠oḳtu⁠/, bundle, sheaf) (?)
  • 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾwqlʾmʾk /⁠oḳla-⁠/, to hit a target with an arrow)
Descendants
  • Western Yugur: ohq (oʰq, arrow)

Etymology 3

Derived from Proto-Turkic *ok (arrow) with the specific semantic shift of "opportunity" < "inheritance" < "arrow"[3] (Perhaps evident of an old ceremonial passing of a torch from parents to offspring. See more at the Proto-Turkic entry).

Compare Karakhanid اُوقْ (oḳ, a share of inherited property and goods).[4]

Noun

𐽰𐽳𐽲 (ʾwq /oḳ/)

  1. opportunity, chance
    Synonyms: 𐽽𐽳𐾁𐽰 (cwlʾ /⁠čola⁠/), 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽽 (tʾkync /⁠täginč⁠/), 𐾀𐽳𐽿 (twš /⁠tuš⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽾 (ʾwqwr /⁠uġur⁠/), 𐽶𐽶𐽲 (yyq /⁠yïḳ⁠/), 𐽶𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽰 (ywynyncʾ /⁠yöninčä⁠/)
    𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾄 𐾀𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽸𐽶𐾈
    ʾwl ʾwq̈ tylʾdy
    /Ol oḳ tilädi./
    They sought an opportunity.
Declension
Declension of 𐽰𐽳𐽲
singular definite plural
nominative 𐽰𐽳𐽲 (ʾwq) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwqlʾr)
genitive 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwqnwnk) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwqlʾrnynk)
dative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰 (ʾwqqʾ) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (ʾwqlʾrqʾ)
accusative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽲 (ʾwqwq), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽶 (ʾwqny) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾwqlʾryq), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾwqlʾrny)
locative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽰 (ʾwqtʾ) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾwqlʾrtʾ)
ablative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqtyn) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqlʾrtyn)
instrumental 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽺 (ʾwqwn) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqlʾryn)
equative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽽𐽰 (ʾwqcʾ)
directive 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾwqqʾrw), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰 (ʾwqrʾ)
similative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾwqlʾyw)
Derived terms
  • 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽶𐽲 (ʾwqyq /⁠oḳïġ⁠/, invitation) (?)
  • 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽲 (ʾwqytyq /⁠oḳïtïġ⁠/, a call for help) (?)

Etymology 4

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ūk (tent rib).

Noun

𐽰𐽳𐽲 (ʾwq //)

  1. (architecture, rare) tent rib, pole
  2. (rare) spoke
Declension
Declension of 𐽰𐽳𐽲
singular definite plural
nominative 𐽰𐽳𐽲 (ʾwq) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwqlʾr)
genitive 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwqnwnk) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwqlʾrnynk)
dative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰 (ʾwqqʾ) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (ʾwqlʾrqʾ)
accusative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽲 (ʾwqwq), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽶 (ʾwqny) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾwqlʾryq), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾwqlʾrny)
locative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽰 (ʾwqtʾ) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾwqlʾrtʾ)
ablative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqtyn) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqlʾrtyn)
instrumental 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽺 (ʾwqwn) 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾwqlʾryn)
equative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽽𐽰 (ʾwqcʾ)
directive 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾwqqʾrw), 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰 (ʾwqrʾ)
similative 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾwqlʾyw)

References

  1. ^ Attested as 𐰆𐰞𐰸 (ul¹q̊¹ /⁠ol-oḳ⁠/, they themself)
  2. ^ Not listed.
  3. ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “(1) ok”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 76
  4. ^ al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume 1, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 48

Further reading

  • Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “oḳ”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 140
  • Kaya, Ceval (1994) Uygurca Altun Yaruk: Giriş, Metin ve Dizin (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 607) (in Turkish), →ISBN, page 67
  • Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), “OQ (I, III, IV)”, in Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, pages 368-369
  • Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1, 2, 3) ok”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 504-505
  • Wilkens, Jens (2021) “ug”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 787
  • Yunusoğlu, Mağfiret Kemal (2012) Uygurca-Çince İdikut Sözlüğü[1] (in Turkish), Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 168