𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷
Old Uyghur
| Uyghur script | 𐽶𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽷 (ywyrʾk /yüräk/) |
|---|---|
| Syriac script | ܝܘܪܐܟ (ywrʾk /yüräk/) |
| Brahmi script | 𑀬𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀓𑁆 (yyuryāk /yürǟk/) |
| Han script | 羽列 (hyuH.ljet /yurä[k]/) |
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yürek (“heart”). Cognate with Karakhanid يُرَكْ (yüräk).
Noun
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷 (ywrʾk /yüräk/)
- (anatomy) heart
- Synonyms: 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰𐽶 (qʾrdʾy /ḥarday/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽴 (kwykwz /köküz/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐾁 (kwynkwl /köŋül/), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽺 (ʾwyzʾn /özän/), 𐽻𐽶𐽹 (sym /sïm/), 𐽿𐽶𐽺 (šyn /šin/)
- c. 10th century, A medicine prescription Mz190.3 (A-side, line 3) [Katalog-Nr. 47]:[1]
- 𑀔 𑀑𑀬𑀢𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀮𑁆𑁇 𑀬𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀓𑁆 𑀇𑀕𑁆𑀮𑀺𑀕 𑀏𑀬
- kha oyatyul. yyuryāk igliga eya
- / […] ötül, yüräk iglig ä[rsär;]/
- […] if there are [symptoms of] diarrhea and pain in the chest; […]
- 𑀔 𑀑𑀬𑀢𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀮𑁆𑁇 𑀬𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀓𑁆 𑀇𑀕𑁆𑀮𑀺𑀕 𑀏𑀬
- (psychology) courage, bravery
- Synonyms: 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐾁 (kwynkwl /köŋül/), 𐾀𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽶𐽲 (tʾlʾqlyq /talaḳlïġ/), 𐾀𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽹𐾁𐽷 (tytymlk /tetimlig/)
- Antonyms: 𐽰𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽶 (ʾymʾncy /äymänči/), 𐽲𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽶𐽺𐽽𐾁𐽶𐽲 (qwrqynclyq /ḳorḳïnčlïġ/), 𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽶𐽲 (twrqyq /turḳïġ/)
- c. 9th-10th centuries, Daśakarmapathāvadānamālā: The Tale of King Caṣṭana Mz670.14-16 (recto, lines 14-16):[2][3]
- 𐽻𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽶𐽳𐽾 𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶 𐾈 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐽶 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽼 𐽽𐽻𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽶 𐽰𐽶𐾁
𐽶𐽷 𐽼𐽰𐽷 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽺 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐾀𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽳𐽼 𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽼𐽰𐽷𐽶 𐾀𐽰𐽷
𐽷𐽻𐽰𐾀𐽾𐽶𐽷 𐽼𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽺 𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽼 𐽲𐾄𐽳𐽾𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽻𐽶𐽴- sʾyw ywryywr lʾr ʾrdy ʾʾny kwyrwp cstʾny ʾyl
yk pʾk ywrʾkyn q̈ʾtrwnwp twnkʾlʾr pʾky tʾk
ksʾtryk pʾklʾr mʾnkyn mʾnkylʾp q̈wrq̈yncsyz - / […] sayu yorïyurlar ärdi. Anï körüp Častanï Elig bäg yüräkin ḳatrunup, toŋalar bägi täg kšatrik bäglär maŋïn maŋïlap ḳorḳïnčsïz […] /
- […] they were walking through every [street.] King Caṣṭana saw them, and he took heart, and so the overseers of the warriors, like leading men of strength [into war], advanced without fear in their hearts […]
- sʾyw ywryywr lʾr ʾrdy ʾʾny kwyrwp cstʾny ʾyl
- 𐽻𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽶𐽳𐽾 𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶 𐾈 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐽶 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽼 𐽽𐽻𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽶 𐽰𐽶𐾁
- a. 12th century, Bäküz-kyä (ܦܐܟܘܙ ܟܝܐ), Christian ritual text U330.27 + U329c.5 (line 77; U330 line 27 and U329c line 5):[4][5]
- ܓܘܡܘܙ ܝܐܝܝܠܘ ܂ ܟܘܝܠ ܛܐ ܟܝ […] ܪܡܝܫ ܬܐܓ ܝܘܪܐܟܝܡܝܙ
- gwmwz yʾyylw . kwyltʾ ky […] rmyš tʾg ywrʾkymyz
- / […] -gümüz yayïlu, költä kirmiš täg yüräkimiz […] /
- […] our hearts, being vast open, like as if one steps in a lake […]
- ܓܘܡܘܙ ܝܐܝܝܠܘ ܂ ܟܘܝܠ ܛܐ ܟܝ […] ܪܡܝܫ ܬܐܓ ܝܘܪܐܟܝܡܝܙ
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷 (ywrʾk) | 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ywrʾklʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ywrʾknynk) | 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ywrʾklʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽷𐽰 (ywrʾkkʾ) | 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ywrʾklʾrkʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽷 (ywrʾkyk), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽺𐽶 (ywrʾkny) | 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (ywrʾklʾryk), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ywrʾklʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽸𐽰 (ywrʾkdʾ) | 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (ywrʾklʾrdʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ywrʾkdyn) | 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ywrʾklʾrdyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽺 (ywrʾkyn) | 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ywrʾklʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽽𐽰 (ywrʾkcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ywrʾkkʾrw), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽾𐽰 (ywrʾkrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ywrʾklʾyw) |
Compound terms
- 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ywrʾk ʾʾqryq /yüräk aġrïġ/, “heartache”)
- 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽽𐽳 (ywrʾk ʾwcw /yüräk uču/, “Apex cordis”)
- 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷 𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽶𐽲 (ywrʾk yʾrylyncyq /yüräk yarïlïnčïġ/, “heartbreaking, distressing”)
- 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷 𐽻𐽶𐽲𐽶𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ywrʾk syqylmʾq /yüräk sïḳïlmaḳ/, “heartbreak”)
Derived terms
- 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽻𐽶𐽴 (ywrʾksyz /yüräksiz/, “coward”)
- 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ywrʾklyk /yüräklig/, “courageous”)
Descendants
- Western Yugur: ørek, øryk, jyrek
Proper noun
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷 (ywrʾk /Yüräk/)
- a male given name
- 𐾀𐽳𐽹 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷 ― twm ywrʾk /Tom Yüräk/
References
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0190_seite1.jpg
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0670_seite1.jpg
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0670_seite1_detail1.jpg
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u0330recto.jpg
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u0329cversodetail.jpg
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “yüräk”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 307
- Dieter, Maue (1996) Alttürkische Handschriften: Dokumente in Brāhmī und Tibetischer Schrift (Teil 1) (Verzeichnis der orientalischen handschriften in Deutschland; 9) (in German), →ISBN, pages 186-187
- Müller, Friedrich Wilhelm Karl, Gabain, Annemarie von, Himran, Semih (1945) Çaştani Bey Hikâyesi (Uigurica; IV.A)[1] (in Turkish), page 14
- Mert, Abdullah (2014) Eski Uygur Türkçesiyle Çaştanı Bey Masalı (Thesis)[2], page 16
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) yüräk”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 925
- Yunusoğlu, Mağfiret Kemal (2012) Uygurca-Çince İdikut Sözlüğü[3] (in Turkish), Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 82
- Zieme, Peter (2015) Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien (Gorgias Eastern Christian Studies; 41) (in German), →ISBN, page 79