𐾀𐽰𐽿
Old Uyghur
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *taĺ (“outer side, exterior”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐱃𐱁 (taš /t¹š/).
Adjective
𐾀𐽰𐽿 (tʾš /taš/)
- exterior, out
- Synonyms: حاریأچ (ḥʾryʾč /ḥarič/), 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾀𐽶𐽺 (tʾštyn /taštïn/)
- Antonyms: 𐽰𐽶𐽽 (ʾyc /ič/), 𐽰𐽶𐽽𐽾𐽰 (ʾycrʾ /ičre/), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽺 (ʾwyzʾn /özen/), داحیل (dʾḥyl /tahil/)
- foreign
- Synonyms: 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾdyn /adïn/), 𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽺 (ʾβyn /eviŋ/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽸𐽰𐽺 (kwydʾn /küden/), 𐽻𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽶𐽹 (swmlym /sumlïm/), 𐽶𐽰𐾀 (yʾt /yat/)
- (religion) heterodoxical, apocryphal
- Synonym: 𐽰𐽰𐽴𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾzytyq /azïtïġ/)
Derived terms
- 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽰 (tʾšʾ /taša/, “abundant, excrescent”)
- 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽰𐽺𐽷 (tʾšʾnk /tašaŋ/, “wide, open”)
- 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (tʾškʾrw /tašġaru/, “out, outside”)
- 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽹𐽰𐽲 (tʾšmʾq /tašmaḳ/, “to overflow, to ebb and flow”) (of coastal waters)
- 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽾𐽰 (tʾšrʾ /tašra/, “outside”)
Descendants
- ⇒ Western Yugur: dasɢər (daʰsgïr(ï), “out, outside, foreign”)
Adverb
𐾀𐽰𐽿 (taš)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tāĺ (“stone”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃𐱁 (taš) and Karakhanid تاشْ (taš).
Noun
𐾀𐽰𐽿 (tʾš /taš/)
- stone
- Synonym: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽳 (twyʾqw /toyaġu/)
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐾀𐽰𐽿 (tʾš) | 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾 (tʾšlʾr) |
| genitive | 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (tʾšnynk) | 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (tʾšlʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽲𐽰 (tʾšqʾ) | 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (tʾšlʾrqʾ) |
| accusative | 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽲 (tʾšyq), 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽺𐽶 (tʾšny) | 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (tʾšlʾryq), 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (tʾšlʾrny) |
| locative | 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾀𐽰 (tʾštʾ) | 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (tʾšlʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾀𐽶𐽺 (tʾštyn) | 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (tʾšlʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽺 (tʾšyn) | 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (tʾšlʾryn) |
| equative | 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽽𐽰 (tʾšcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (tʾšqʾrw), 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽾𐽰 (tʾšrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (tʾšlʾyw) |
Descendants
- Western Yugur: das (daʰs, “stone, pebble”)
Compound terms
- 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐾀𐽰𐽿 (ʾʾq tʾš /aḳ taš/, “chalk”)
- 𐽼𐽶 𐾀𐽰𐽿 (py tʾš /pi taš/, “inscription steles”)
- 𐾀𐽰𐽿 𐽰𐽱𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (tʾš ʾβlyklʾr /taš evligler/, “dead people”, literally “ones with houses made of stone”) (euphemistic)
- 𐾀𐽰𐽿 𐽲𐽳𐽰𐽻𐽶 (tʾš qwʾsy /taš ḫuasï/, “Śirīṣa tree”) (Albizia lebbeck)
- 𐾀𐽰𐽿 𐽲𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺 (tʾš qwrqʾn /Taš Ḳurġan/, “a toponym”, literally “Stone-grave”)
- 𐾀𐽰𐽿 𐽻𐽳𐽷𐽲𐽳 (tʾš swkqw /taš soḳġu/, “stone mortar”)
- 𐾀𐽰𐽿 𐽻𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲 (tʾš syrwq /taš sïruḳ/, “stone pillar”)
References
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “taş”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 227
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) taš”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 680-681