𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀
Old Uyghur
| Uyghur script | 𐾀𐽳𐽾𐾀 (twrt /t[ö]rt, tort/) 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾 (twyr /tör, tür/)[1] 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽰𐽵 (twynʾx /t[ört]/)[2] 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (twyrk /tür[t]/)[3] |
|---|---|
| Orkhon script | 𐱅𐰇𐱁𐱅 (t²üšt² /tö[r]t/) |
| Manichaean script | 𐫎𐫇𐫏𐫡𐫎 (ṯwyrṯ /tört/) 𐫎𐫇𐫏𐫡𐫎𐫎 (ṯwyrṯṯ /tört(üt)/) |
| Sogdian script | 𐽂𐼴𐼷𐽀𐽂 (twyrt /tört/) 𐽂𐼴𐽀𐽂 (twrt /tört, turt/) |
| Arabic script | تورت (twrt /tört/) |
| Syriac script | ܬܘܝܪܬ (twyrt /tört/) |
| Brahmi script | 𑀢𑁆𑀬𑁄𑀭𑁆𑀢𑁆 (tyort /tört/) 𑀢𑁆𑀬𑁆𑀭𑁆𑀢𑁄 (tyrto /tört/) |
| Tibetan script | ཏྱོརྡ (tyord /törd, tört/) |
| Han script | 禿兒 (thuwk.nye /tö[ŕ]t/) 土兒 (thuX.nye /töŕt/)[4] |
| 40 | ||
| ← 3 | 4 | 5 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀 (twyrt) Ordinal: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽽 (twyrtwnc) Adverbial: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀 𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽰 (twyrt qʾtʾ) Distributive: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽰𐽾 (twyrtʾr) Collective: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽳 (twyrtʾkw) | ||
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tȫrt (“four”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐱅 (t²ür²t² /tört/).
Numeral
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀 (twyrt /tört, türt/)
- four, 4
- c. 1313, Yétiken Sudur? Mz194.b3 (v03):[5][6]
- ཨྱི་གྱིན་ཏི་ཨཧི་ཏྱོརྡ་
- ʔyi.gyin.ti.ʔaẖi.tyord.
- / […] ikinti ay(ïġ?) tört/
- […] [on the] fourth [day] of the second month
- ཨྱི་གྱིན་ཏི་ཨཧི་ཏྱོརྡ་
- c. 14th century, Songs for a bountiful harvest U5337.002-005 (r16):[7][8][9]
- 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀 𐾀𐽱𐽰𐽼 𐽶𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽳 𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽶 𐾈
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽸𐽾𐽳𐽹 𐾀𐽰 𐽾𐽶𐽺𐾄𐽺𐽷 𐾀𐽰𐾁𐽳𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽴 𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽶 𐾈
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀 𐾀𐽶𐽺 𐽻𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽰𐽾 𐽲𐽶 𐾀𐽰𐽲 𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽼𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽶 𐾈
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽴 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 𐽶𐽶𐽾 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 𐾀𐽰𐽺𐾂𐽷𐽶𐽺𐾂𐽷𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽶 𐾈- twyrt tβʾp yrdyncw nwnk kwyrky
twydrwm tʾ ryn̈nk tʾlwy ʾwykwz nwnk twyrky
twyrt tyn synqʾr qy tʾq lʾr nynk pwyrky
twyz yʾqyz yyr ʾwyz tʾṅkyṅkʾwyrky - /Tört tevip yérdinčünüŋ körki,
tüdrüm teriŋ taluy ögüznüŋ törki,
törttin sïnġarḳï taġlarnïŋ börki,
tüz yaġïz yér üzteŋiniŋ örki./ - The beauty of the four continents of the world,[10]
The ferocity of the deep sea and rivers,
The canopies of the mountains from the four corners of the earth,
The high edge of the Earth[11] below.
- twyrt tβʾp yrdyncw nwnk kwyrky
- 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀 𐾀𐽱𐽰𐽼 𐽶𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽳 𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽶 𐾈
Compound terms
- 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀 𐽶𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰𐽲 (twyrt yynkʾq /tört yïŋaḳ/, “four administrative provinces of the Uyghur Khaganate or Gaochang states”)
- 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀 𐽸𐽱𐽶𐽼 (twyrt dβyp /tört dévip/, “four continents”) (of the then-known world)
- 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀 𐽼𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽾 (twyrt pʾltyr /tört beltir/, “four-way crossroad, carrefour”)
- 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀 𐾀𐽰𐾁𐽳𐽶 (twyrt tʾlwy /Tört Taloy/, “China”, literally “[land ensieged by] four seas”)
- 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀 𐾀𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽺 (twyrt tylkʾn /tört tilgen/, “quadricycle cart, pulling-car”)
Derived terms
Descendants
- Western Yugur: diord (tört)
- ⇒ Western Yugur: diordon (törtun, “forty”)
References
- ^ Attested as 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽶𐾁 (twyrkyl /törgil/, “quadrilateral”).
- ^ Misspelling.
- ^ Misspelling.
- ^ Attested as 土兒純尺 (thuX.nye.dzywin.tsyhek /töŕtinč(ig)/, “fourth”)
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0194_seite2.jpg
- ^ * Dieter, Maue (1996) Alttürkische Handschriften: Dokumente in Brāhmī und Tibetischer Schrift (Teil 1) (Verzeichnis der orientalischen handschriften in Deutschland; 9) (in German), →ISBN, page Tafel 104
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u5337seite1.jpg
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u5337seite1detail1.jpg
- ^ Yakup (亚库甫), Abdurishid (阿不都热西提) (2015) 古代维吾尔赞美诗和描写性韵文的语文学研究 (古代维吾尔语诗歌集成) (in Chinese), →ISBN, page 488 (Table 2)
- ^ Four was the number of continents known at the time, so this phrase can be translated as "of the whole world."
- ^ Literally, “flat brown ground”
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “tört”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 249
- Dieter, Maue (1996) Alttürkische Handschriften: Dokumente in Brāhmī und Tibetischer Schrift (Teil 1) (Verzeichnis der orientalischen handschriften in Deutschland; 9) (in German), →ISBN, page 215
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) tört”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 740-745
- Yakup (亚库甫), Abdurishid (阿不都热西提) (2015) 古代维吾尔赞美诗和描写性韵文的语文学研究 (古代维吾尔语诗歌集成) (in Chinese), →ISBN, pages 330, 336