Prakrit
- *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gidda) — reconstructed based on descendants
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀕𑀾𑀥𑁆𑀭 (gṛ́dhra). Cognate with Pali gaddha, giddha.
Adjective
𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha) (Devanagari गिद्ध)
- greedy, lustful
Declension
| Maharastri declension of 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (masculine)
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singular
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plural
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| Nominative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁄 (giddho)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā)
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| Accusative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀁 (giddhaṃ)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂 (giddhe) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā)
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| Instrumental
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀡 (giddheṇa) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀡𑀁 (giddheṇaṃ)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀳𑀺 (giddhehi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (giddhehiṃ)
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| Dative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀅 (giddhāa)
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—
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| Ablative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀑 (giddhāo) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀉 (giddhāu) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀳𑀺 (giddhāhi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (giddhāhiṃto)
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—
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| Genitive
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀲𑁆𑀲 (giddhassa)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀡 (giddhāṇa) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀡𑀁 (giddhāṇaṃ)
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| Locative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (giddhammi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂 (giddhe)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀲𑀼 (giddhesu) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (giddhesuṃ)
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| Vocative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā)
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| Maharastri declension of 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (feminine)
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singular
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plural
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| Nominative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀑 (giddhāo) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀉 (giddhāu) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā)
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| Accusative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀁 (giddhaṃ)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀑 (giddhāo) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀉 (giddhāu) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā)
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| Instrumental
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀏 (giddhāe) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀇 (giddhāi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀅 (giddhāa)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀳𑀺 (giddhāhi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (giddhāhiṃ)
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| Dative
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—
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—
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| Ablative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀑 (giddhāo) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀉 (giddhāu)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (giddhāhiṃto)
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| Genitive
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀏 (giddhāe) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀇 (giddhāi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀅 (giddhāa)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀡 (giddhāṇa) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀡𑀁 (giddhāṇaṃ)
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| Locative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀏 (giddhāe) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀇 (giddhāi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀅 (giddhāa)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀲𑀼 (giddhāsu) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (giddhāsuṃ)
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| Vocative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂 (giddhe) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀑 (giddhāo) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀉 (giddhāu) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā)
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| Maharastri declension of 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (neuter)
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singular
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plural
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| Nominative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀁 (giddhaṃ)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀇𑀁 (giddhāiṃ) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀇 (giddhāi)
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| Accusative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀁 (giddhaṃ)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀇𑀁 (giddhāiṃ) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀇 (giddhāi)
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| Instrumental
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀡 (giddheṇa) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀡𑀁 (giddheṇaṃ)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀳𑀺 (giddhehi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (giddhehiṃ)
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| Dative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀅 (giddhāa)
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—
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| Ablative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀑 (giddhāo) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀉 (giddhāu) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀳𑀺 (giddhāhi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (giddhāhiṃto)
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—
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| Genitive
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀲𑁆𑀲 (giddhassa)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀡 (giddhāṇa) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀡𑀁 (giddhāṇaṃ)
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| Locative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (giddhammi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂 (giddhe)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀲𑀼 (giddhesu) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (giddhesuṃ)
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| Vocative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀇𑀁 (giddhāiṃ) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀇 (giddhāi)
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Noun
𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha) m (Devanagari गिद्ध, Gujarati ગિદ્ધ, Kannada ಗಿದ್ಧ) (attested in Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Māgadhī, Śaurasenī)
- vulture
c. 1122 – 1123, Devendra,
Uttarādhyayana-Vṛtti II. Saṇaṃkumāra, page 25, lines 16 – 19:
- 𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀣 𑀅𑀡𑀲𑀡𑀁 𑀓𑀸𑀊𑀡 𑀧𑀼𑀯𑁆𑀯-𑀤𑀺𑀲𑀫𑁆-𑀅𑀤𑁆𑀥-𑀫𑀸𑀲𑀁 𑀓𑀸𑀉𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁂𑀡 𑀞𑀺𑀑, 𑀏𑀯𑀁 𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀼-𑀯𑀺 𑀤𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀼 𑀅𑀤𑁆𑀥-𑀫𑀸𑀲𑀁 𑀅𑀤𑁆𑀥-𑀫𑀸𑀲𑀁
𑀢𑀑 𑀧𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀻𑀏 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥-𑀓𑀸𑀬-𑀲𑀺𑀯𑁆-𑀆𑀈𑀳𑀺𑀁 𑀔𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀁𑀢𑁄 𑀧𑀻𑀟𑀁 𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 𑀲𑀳𑀺𑀬 𑀦𑀫𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀭-𑀧𑀭𑁄 𑀫𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀉𑀁 𑀲𑁄𑀳𑀫𑁆𑀫-𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁂 𑀇𑀁𑀤𑁄 𑀚𑀸𑀑- tattha aṇasaṇaṃ kāūṇa puvva-disam-addha-māsaṃ kāussaggeṇa ṭhio, evaṃ sesāsu-vi disāsu addha-māsaṃ addha-māsaṃ
tao piṭṭhīe giddha-kāya-siv-āīhiṃ khajjaṃto pīḍaṃ sammaṃ sahiya namŏkkāra-paro māriuṃ sohamma-kappe iṃdo jāo - Abstaining from food he remained there in the East for half a month in the kāyotsarga posture and in the same way in the South, West etc., always for half a month.
Thereupon, his back being eaten away by vultures, crows, and jackals, and other animals he bore the pain properly; devoted entirely to worship, he died, went to the Sohamma heaven and became Indra.
Declension
| Magadhi declension of 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (masculine)
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singular
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plural
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| Nominative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂 (giddhe)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā)
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| Accusative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀁 (giddhaṃ)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂 (giddhe)
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| Instrumental
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀡 (giddheṇa) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀡𑀁 (giddheṇaṃ)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀳𑀺 (giddhehi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (giddhehiṃ)
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| Dative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀅 (giddhāa)
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—
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| Ablative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀤𑁄 (giddhādo) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (giddhatto) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (giddhāhiṃto) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀤𑀼 (giddhādu) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀳𑀺 (giddhāhi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (giddhaśuṃto) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (giddheśuṃto) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (giddhāhiṃto) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀳𑀺 (giddhāhi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀳𑀺 (giddhehi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀑 (giddhāo) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀉 (giddhāu) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (giddhatto) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀤𑁄 (giddhādo) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀤𑀼 (giddhādu)
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| Genitive
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀰𑁆𑀰 (giddhaśśa) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀳 (giddhāha)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀡𑀁 (giddhāṇaṃ) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀳𑀁 (giddhāhaṃ)
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| Locative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂 (giddhe) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (giddhamhi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (giddhammi)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀰𑀼 (giddheśu) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀰𑀼𑀁 (giddheśuṃ)
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| Vocative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂 (giddhe)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā)
|
| Maharastri declension of 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (masculine)
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|
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singular
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plural
|
| Nominative
|
𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁄 (giddho)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā)
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| Accusative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀁 (giddhaṃ)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂 (giddhe) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā)
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| Instrumental
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀡 (giddheṇa) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀡𑀁 (giddheṇaṃ)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀳𑀺 (giddhehi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (giddhehiṃ)
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| Dative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀅 (giddhāa)
|
—
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| Ablative
|
𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀑 (giddhāo) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀉 (giddhāu) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀳𑀺 (giddhāhi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (giddhāhiṃto)
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—
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| Genitive
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀲𑁆𑀲 (giddhassa)
|
𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀡 (giddhāṇa) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀡𑀁 (giddhāṇaṃ)
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| Locative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (giddhammi) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂 (giddhe)
|
𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀲𑀼 (giddhesu) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (giddhesuṃ)
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| Vocative
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha) or 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā)
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𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀸 (giddhā)
|
Derived terms
- *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥-𑀟 (*giddha-ḍa)
- Bengali: গিধড় (gidhoṛ, “jackal”)
- Hindustani:
- Hindi: गीदड़ (gīdaṛ, “jackal”)
- Urdu: گِیدَڑ (gīdaṛ, “jackal”)
- Marathi: गिधाड (gidhāḍ, “vulture”)
- Punjabi: ਗਿੱਦੜ (giddaṛ, “jackal”)
- Sindhi: گِدَڙُ (gidaṛu, “jackal”)
- ⇒ *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥-𑀟-𑀓 (*giddha-ḍa-ka)
- Gujarati: ગીધડું (gīdhḍũ)
Descendants
Descendants
- Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
- Hindustani: giddh
- Hindi: गिद्ध
- Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)
- Konkani: gīd
- Devanagari script: गीद
- Kannada script: ಗೀದ್
- Latin script: gid
- Maithili:
- Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)
- Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)
- Old Marathi:
- Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)
- Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)
- Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidha)
Further reading
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “गिद्ध”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 294.
- Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 53
- Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 24.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gŕ̊dhra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 227