𑀩𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀇

Prakrit

Etymology

Unknown. Late Sanskrit व्रुडति (vruḍati), ब्रुडति (bruḍati), बोलयति (bolayati), and बुड्डति (buḍḍati) are artificial and derived from Prakrit. Turner reconstructs older *buḍyati for this term, with the causative *boḍayati, whence 𑀩𑁄𑀮𑁂𑀇 (bolei).

Dardic cognates include Kashmiri [script needed] (bŏḍun, “to sink, dive”). The metathesized variant *𑀟𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀩- (*ḍubba-) may have occurred early given the Dardic cognates Pashayi [script needed] (ḍub-, “to be drowned”) and Kashmiri [script needed] (ḍubun, “to sink”).

Verb

𑀩𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀇 (buḍḍaï) (Devanagari बुड्डइ, Kannada ಬುಡ್ಡಇ) (intransitive) (attested in Māhārāṣṭrī)

to sink, drown

Derived terms

𑀩𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀟 (buḍḍa, “sunk”)
𑀩𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀺𑀭 m (buḍḍira, “buffalo”)
𑀩𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀸𑀯𑀇 (buḍḍāvaï, “cause to sink, submerge”)

Related terms

𑀩𑁄𑀮𑁂𑀇 (bolei), 𑀩𑁄𑀮𑀇 (bolaï, “cause to sink”)

Descendants

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Old Hindi: बूडना (būḍanā)
  - Hindi: बूड़ना (būṛnā)
  - Urdu: بوڑنا (būṛnā)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Assamese: বুৰ (bur), বুৰা (bura)
- Bengali: বুড়া (buṛa)
  - ⇒ Bengali: বুড় (buṛ)
- Bhojpuri: बुड़ल (buṛal)
- Maithili: बूड़ब (būṛab)
- Old Awadhi: बूडइ (būḍaï)
- Odia: ବୁଡ଼ିବା (buṛibā)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Kumaoni: बुड़णो
- Nepali: बुड़्नु (buṛnu)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Lahnda: [script needed] (buḍḍaṇ), [script needed] (ḇuḍ̠aṇ), [script needed] (buḍḍā)
- Punjabi: ਬੁੱਦਣਾ (buddaṇā)
- Sindhi: [script needed] (ḇuḍ̠aṇu)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
Marathi: बुडणे (buḍṇe)
Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: બુડવું (buḍvũ)

With metathesis of 𑀩𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀇 (buḍḍaï) > *𑀟𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀩𑀇 (*ḍubbaï):

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Old Hindi: डूबना (ḍūbanā)
  - Hindi: डूबना (ḍūbnā)
  - Urdu: ڈوبنا (ḍūbnā)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Assamese: ডুবা (duba)
- Bengali: ডুবা (ḍuba), ডোবা (ḍōba)
- Maithili: डुबब / 𑒛𑒳𑒥𑒥 (ḍubaba)
- Odia: ଡୁବିବା (ḍubibā)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Kumaoni: डुबणो
- Nepali: डुब्नु (ḍubnu)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabi: ਡੁੱਬਣਾ / ڈُبّݨا (ḍubbṇā)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Marathi: डुबणे (ḍubṇe, “drown”), डुबकणे (ḍubakṇe, “dive”), डुबकळणे (ḍubkaḷṇe), डुंबणे (ḍumbṇe), डुंभणे (ḍumbhṇe), डुमणे (ḍumṇe)
Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: ડૂબવું (ḍūbvũ)

From a late Northwestern variant *𑀝𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀩𑀇 (*ṭubbaï):

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Lahnda: [script needed] (ṭubbaṇ, “dive”), [script needed] (ṭuḇḇaṇ)
- Punjabi: ਟੁੱਬਣਾ (ṭubbaṇā)
- Sindhi: [script needed] (ṭuḇaṇu)

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “buḍyati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “बुड्डइ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 235