-аар

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

-аар • (-aar)

1. Marks the instrumental case in the regular and hidden-n declensions:
   1. After a stem ending in a consonant.

      ‎машин (mašin, “vehicle”) + ‎-аар (-aar) → ‎машинаар (mašinaar, “by vehicle”)

      ‎утас (utas, “phone”) + ‎-аар (-aar) → ‎утсаар (utsaar, “by phone”)

   2. After a stem ending in a consonant followed by a short vowel (which is supplanted).

      ‎халдлага (xaldlaga, “invasion”) + ‎-аар (-aar) → ‎халдлагаар (xaldlagaar, “by invasion”)

2. With numerals, expresses the maximative degree.

• The instrumental case is sometimes used for some directional as well as standard instrumental semantics.

• -иар (-iar), -яар (-jaar), -гаар (-gaar)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

-аар • (-aar)

1. Forms nouns from verbs.

• -иар (-iar), -яар (-jaar), -гаар (-gaar)