-DÍÍN

See also: diin and díin

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *denʸ (“light shines”). Always occurs with di- thematic "fire" in associated verb bases.

The root -díín is irregular, since *-dį́ would be expected. -díín is invariable in shape (i.e., there are no other forms for different aspects or tenses), although a distinction between imperfective and perfective could be made. According to Young (1992), bases containing prefix yíní- (“directed at”) have neuter imperfective stems, while the rest have neuter perfective.

Root

-DÍÍN

  1. light shines
Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
di operative light shines (on P)
↳ bighádiʼnídíín
↳ bitsʼádiʼnídíín
  • niʼdeezdíín (“fire”)
  • iʼdíídíín
↳ haʼdíídíín
 S casts light (on P)
↳ bighádiʼníłdíín
 
 
  • iʼdííłdíín
↳ haʼdííłdíín
↳ iʼdiníłdíín (yíní-, “directed at”)
  • biʼdiníłdíín (yíní-, “directed at”)

Stem set

Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
NEUT — -díín — — —

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -DÍÍN (light)
adinídíín
adiníłdíín
sháńdíín
Sháńdíín
tséghádiʼńdínii
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