-cinor
Latin
Etymology
From canō, canere (“to sing; to recite; to foretell, predict, prophesy”), with vowel weakening in the unstressed syllable and a change to first-conjugation inflectional endings.
The line between suffixes and compounds in Latin is not always clear: some verbs ending in -cinor may be considered to be compounds, but in latrōcinor (“to be a mercenary soldier, to commit highway robbery”), the original meaning of canō is so weakened that -cinor seems to be no more than a suffix.[1]
According to de Vaan, Leumann 1977: 551 follows Ernout in considering the class of verbs ending in -cinor to have arisen by analogical extension from vāticinor (“to prophesy, foretell”), which is assumed to be a denominal verb derived from a compound noun vāticinium.[2] Compare also the attested nouns latrōcinium, lenōcinium, ratiōcinium, where according to Chase (1900) "the unexplained -cinium seems to have sunk to the force of a suffix".[3]
Alternatively, Chase (1901) and Cocchia (1917) argue that forms in -ōcin- may derive from original -ōnic- (from stems in -ōn- + -icus) by metathesis, aided by analogy with vāticinor.[4][5] Forms in -ōnic- are the source of some Romance derivatives such as ladroneccio, but those forms are usually considered to be the result of, rather than the input to, a process of metathesis.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [kɪ.nɔr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [t͡ʃi.nor]
Suffix
-cinor (present infinitive -cinārī or -cinārier, perfect active -cinātus sum); first conjugation, deponent
- suffix used to form verbs from nouns[6]
Conjugation
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | -cinor | -cināris, -cināre |
-cinātur | -cināmur | -cināminī | -cinantur | ||||||
| imperfect | -cinābar | -cinābāris, -cinābāre |
-cinābātur | -cinābāmur | -cinābāminī | -cinābantur | |||||||
| future | -cinābor | -cināberis, -cinābere |
-cinābitur | -cinābimur | -cinābiminī | -cinābuntur | |||||||
| perfect | -cinātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| pluperfect | -cinātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| future perfect | -cinātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | -ciner | -cinēris, -cinēre |
-cinētur | -cinēmur | -cinēminī | -cinentur | ||||||
| imperfect | -cinārer | -cinārēris, -cinārēre |
-cinārētur | -cinārēmur | -cinārēminī | -cinārentur | |||||||
| perfect | -cinātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||||||||
| pluperfect | -cinātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | — | -cināre | — | — | -cināminī | — | ||||||
| future | — | -cinātor | -cinātor | — | — | -cinantor | |||||||
| non-finite forms | infinitive | participle | |||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||
| present | -cinārī, -cinārier1 |
— | -cināns | — | |||||||||
| future | -cinātūrum esse | — | -cinātūrus | -cinandus | |||||||||
| perfect | -cinātum esse | — | -cinātus | — | |||||||||
| future perfect | -cinātum fore | — | — | — | |||||||||
| perfect potential | -cinātūrum fuisse | — | — | — | |||||||||
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||||||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||||||||
| -cinandī | -cinandō | -cinandum | -cinandō | -cinātum | -cinātū | ||||||||
1The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
Derived terms
References
- ^ Fay, E. W. (1904) "Studies of Latin Words in -cinio-, -cinia-. II. -cinium, 'Calling,' a Partially Developed Latin Suffix." The Classical Review, 18(7), 349–351. http://www.jstor.org/stable/694609, page 350
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “canō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 88
- ^ Chase, George D. (1900) "The Form of Nominal Compounds in Latin," Harvard Studies in Classical Philology Vol. 11, pp. 61-72, page 70
- ^ Chase, George D. (1901) "Latin Verbs in -cinari," (abstract), Transactions and proceedings of the American Philological Association Vol. 32, pages lxxiii-lxxiv
- ^ Cocchia, Enrico (1917) "Nuova Serie di Note Glottologiche, Parte Seconda, Il ritmo del discorso studiato in rapporto col fenomeno della distrazione omerica, della legge di posizione e della evoluzione dei suoni" in Rendiconti della Accademia di archeologia, lettere e belle arti, Volume 5; pp 151-216. page 214 [64 of 66]
- ^ White, John Tahourdin (1858) Latin Suffixes, page 134