Chekhov's gun

Calque of Russian Чеховское ружьё (Čexovskoje ružʹjó). The principle was articulated by Russian playwright Anton Chekhov and reported in various forms.

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɛ.kʰɔfs ɡʌn/

Chekhov's gun

1. (literature) A dramatic principle that states that every element in a story must be necessary, and irrelevant elements should be removed.
   • 2015 March 19, Alessandra Stanley, “'Empire' Finale Review: A Sizzling End to Season One”, in New York Times‎^[1]:

     It seems like a violation of Chekhov’s gun rule to put Naomi Campbell in the first act and not have her throw a phone at someone in the third. (She tore up a check instead.)

   • 2023 May 1, Daniel Engber, “No One in Movies Knows How to Swallow a Pill”, in The Atlantic‎^[2]:

     An on-screen pill bottle works like Chekhov’s gun: Eventually, its contents will be fired at an actor’s mouth, or smashed between his lips, or hurled into his gullet.

2. An element that is introduced early in the story whose significance to the plot does not become clear until later.
   • 2005, John Miles Foley, A companion to ancient epic‎^[3], →ISBN, page 324:

     The episode of the sun-god's island is the Odyssey's equivalent of Chekhov's gun, announced in the poem's earliest lines as the occasion of the companions' downfall and anticipated ever since.

   • 2007, John Updike, Due considerations: essays and criticism‎^[4], →ISBN, page 336:

     He is Chekhov's gun on the wall, destined to go off at the crucial moment.

• Chekhov's gun on Wikipedia.Wikipedia