Hoa Lang

Pha Lang

Borrowed from Classical Persian فرنگی (farangī, “European, Westerner”). Cognate with Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng) and Chinese 佛朗機 / 佛朗机 (Fólǎngjī). Not cognate with Hà Lan or Hoà Lan as Hoa Lang was attested before Dutch independence from Spain in 1579.

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [hwaː˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [hwaː˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [waː˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

Hoa Lang • (花郎)

1. (obsolete) Portugal (a country in Europe)
2. (obsolete) Catholicism
   • Hội đồng tứ giáo (會同四教), pg. 2a

     吏噲衆碎𱺵道花郎。

     Lại gọi chúng tôi là đạo Hoa Lang.

     Moreover, they call us [practitioners of the] Hoa Lang religion.

3. (obsolete) westerner

Originally the term was used mainly to refer to the Portuguese until the eighteenth century where it became a catch-all term for westerners from Europe.

• tây (“westerner”)