Finnish
Etymology
Probably from an original form *Pärnäoja, from dialectal pärnä + oja. The modern vowel -e- in Finnish would be influence from the Swedish form Pernå, which is from the same Finnish name (with oja translated as å).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpernɑjɑ/, [ˈpe̞rnɑ̝jɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -ernɑjɑ
- Syllabification(key): Per‧na‧ja
- Hyphenation(key): Per‧na‧ja
Proper noun
Pernaja
- A former municipality in Uusimaa, Finland; now part of Loviisa.
- A village in the municipality of Loviisa.
Declension
| Inflection of Pernaja (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
|
| nominative
|
Pernaja
|
—
|
| genitive
|
Pernajan
|
—
|
| partitive
|
Pernajaa
|
—
|
| illative
|
Pernajaan
|
—
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
Pernaja
|
—
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
Pernaja
|
—
|
| gen.
|
Pernajan
|
| genitive
|
Pernajan
|
—
|
| partitive
|
Pernajaa
|
—
|
| inessive
|
Pernajassa
|
—
|
| elative
|
Pernajasta
|
—
|
| illative
|
Pernajaan
|
—
|
| adessive
|
Pernajalla
|
—
|
| ablative
|
Pernajalta
|
—
|
| allative
|
Pernajalle
|
—
|
| essive
|
Pernajana
|
—
|
| translative
|
Pernajaksi
|
—
|
| abessive
|
Pernajatta
|
—
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
See the possessive forms below.
|
| first-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
Pernajani
|
—
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
Pernajani
|
—
|
| gen.
|
Pernajani
|
| genitive
|
Pernajani
|
—
|
| partitive
|
Pernajaani
|
—
|
| inessive
|
Pernajassani
|
—
|
| elative
|
Pernajastani
|
—
|
| illative
|
Pernajaani
|
—
|
| adessive
|
Pernajallani
|
—
|
| ablative
|
Pernajaltani
|
—
|
| allative
|
Pernajalleni
|
—
|
| essive
|
Pernajanani
|
—
|
| translative
|
Pernajakseni
|
—
|
| abessive
|
Pernajattani
|
—
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
—
|
| second-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
Pernajasi
|
—
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
Pernajasi
|
—
|
| gen.
|
Pernajasi
|
| genitive
|
Pernajasi
|
—
|
| partitive
|
Pernajaasi
|
—
|
| inessive
|
Pernajassasi
|
—
|
| elative
|
Pernajastasi
|
—
|
| illative
|
Pernajaasi
|
—
|
| adessive
|
Pernajallasi
|
—
|
| ablative
|
Pernajaltasi
|
—
|
| allative
|
Pernajallesi
|
—
|
| essive
|
Pernajanasi
|
—
|
| translative
|
Pernajaksesi
|
—
|
| abessive
|
Pernajattasi
|
—
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
—
|
| first-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
Pernajamme
|
—
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
Pernajamme
|
—
|
| gen.
|
Pernajamme
|
| genitive
|
Pernajamme
|
—
|
| partitive
|
Pernajaamme
|
—
|
| inessive
|
Pernajassamme
|
—
|
| elative
|
Pernajastamme
|
—
|
| illative
|
Pernajaamme
|
—
|
| adessive
|
Pernajallamme
|
—
|
| ablative
|
Pernajaltamme
|
—
|
| allative
|
Pernajallemme
|
—
|
| essive
|
Pernajanamme
|
—
|
| translative
|
Pernajaksemme
|
—
|
| abessive
|
Pernajattamme
|
—
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
—
|
| second-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
Pernajanne
|
—
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
Pernajanne
|
—
|
| gen.
|
Pernajanne
|
| genitive
|
Pernajanne
|
—
|
| partitive
|
Pernajaanne
|
—
|
| inessive
|
Pernajassanne
|
—
|
| elative
|
Pernajastanne
|
—
|
| illative
|
Pernajaanne
|
—
|
| adessive
|
Pernajallanne
|
—
|
| ablative
|
Pernajaltanne
|
—
|
| allative
|
Pernajallenne
|
—
|
| essive
|
Pernajananne
|
—
|
| translative
|
Pernajaksenne
|
—
|
| abessive
|
Pernajattanne
|
—
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
—
|
| third-person possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
Pernajansa
|
—
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
Pernajansa
|
—
|
| gen.
|
Pernajansa
|
| genitive
|
Pernajansa
|
—
|
| partitive
|
Pernajaansa
|
—
|
| inessive
|
Pernajassaan
Pernajassansa
|
—
|
| elative
|
Pernajastaan
Pernajastansa
|
—
|
| illative
|
Pernajaansa
|
—
|
| adessive
|
Pernajallaan
Pernajallansa
|
—
|
| ablative
|
Pernajaltaan
Pernajaltansa
|
—
|
| allative
|
Pernajalleen
Pernajallensa
|
—
|
| essive
|
Pernajanaan
Pernajanansa
|
—
|
| translative
|
Pernajakseen
Pernajaksensa
|
—
|
| abessive
|
Pernajattaan
Pernajattansa
|
—
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
—
|
|
The internal locative cases (inessive, illative and elative) are used with this place name when referring to a location; for example, "in Pernaja" is Pernajassa.
References
- ^ Sirkka Paikkala, editor (2007), Suomalainen paikannimikirja [The Book of Finnish Place Names] (in Finnish), Helsinki: Karttakeskus, Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus, →ISBN