Reconstruction:Latin/fendo
Latin
Etymology
Unattested verb only found in compounds (see derived terms below), from Proto-Italic *fendō, from earlier *xʷendō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰén-dʰh₁e-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, kill”).[1]
Cognate with Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “to strike”), Albanian gjuaj, Sanskrit हन्ति (hánti).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈfɛn.doː]
Verb
*fendō (present infinitive *fendere, perfect active *fendī, supine *fēnsum); third conjugation
Inflection
Conjugation of *fendō (third conjugation)
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | *fendō | *fendis | *fendit | *fendimus | *fenditis | *fendunt | ||||||
| imperfect | *fendēbam | *fendēbās | *fendēbat | *fendēbāmus | *fendēbātis | *fendēbant | |||||||
| future | *fendam | *fendēs | *fendet | *fendēmus | *fendētis | *fendent | |||||||
| perfect | *fendī | *fendistī | *fendit | *fendimus | *fendistis | *fendērunt, *fendēre | |||||||
| pluperfect | *fenderam | *fenderās | *fenderat | *fenderāmus | *fenderātis | *fenderant | |||||||
| future perfect | *fenderō | *fenderis | *fenderit | *fenderimus | *fenderitis | *fenderint | |||||||
| passive | present | *fendor | *fenderis, *fendere |
*fenditur | *fendimur | *fendiminī | *fenduntur | ||||||
| imperfect | *fendēbar | *fendēbāris, *fendēbāre |
*fendēbātur | *fendēbāmur | *fendēbāminī | *fendēbantur | |||||||
| future | *fendar | *fendēris, *fendēre |
*fendētur | *fendēmur | *fendēminī | *fendentur | |||||||
| perfect | *fēnsus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| pluperfect | *fēnsus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| future perfect | *fēnsus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | *fendam | *fendās | *fendat | *fendāmus | *fendātis | *fendant | ||||||
| imperfect | *fenderem | *fenderēs | *fenderet | *fenderēmus | *fenderētis | *fenderent | |||||||
| perfect | *fenderim | *fenderīs | *fenderit | *fenderīmus | *fenderītis | *fenderint | |||||||
| pluperfect | *fendissem | *fendissēs | *fendisset | *fendissēmus | *fendissētis | *fendissent | |||||||
| passive | present | *fendar | *fendāris, *fendāre |
*fendātur | *fendāmur | *fendāminī | *fendantur | ||||||
| imperfect | *fenderer | *fenderēris, *fenderēre |
*fenderētur | *fenderēmur | *fenderēminī | *fenderentur | |||||||
| perfect | *fēnsus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||||||||
| pluperfect | *fēnsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | — | *fende | — | — | *fendite | — | ||||||
| future | — | *fenditō | *fenditō | — | *fenditōte | *fenduntō | |||||||
| passive | present | — | *fendere | — | — | *fendiminī | — | ||||||
| future | — | *fenditor | *fenditor | — | — | *fenduntor | |||||||
| non-finite forms | infinitive | participle | |||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||
| present | *fendere | *fendī | *fendēns | — | |||||||||
| future | *fēnsūrum esse | *fēnsum īrī | *fēnsūrus | *fendendus, *fendundus | |||||||||
| perfect | *fendisse | *fēnsum esse | — | *fēnsus | |||||||||
| future perfect | — | *fēnsum fore | — | — | |||||||||
| perfect potential | *fēnsūrum fuisse | — | — | — | |||||||||
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||||||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||||||||
| *fendendī | *fendendō | *fendendum | *fendendō | *fēnsum | *fēnsū | ||||||||
Derived terms
References
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-fendō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 210-1
Further reading
- “fendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press