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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *píph₃eti. Cognates include Latin bibere.
Verb
*ɸibeti[1]
- to drink
Inflection
| Thematic present, s-preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸibū
|
*ɸibemam
|
*ɸiɸixsū
|
*ɸixsam
|
| 2nd singular
|
*ɸibesi
|
*ɸibetās
|
*ɸiɸixsesi
|
*ɸixss
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸibeti
|
*ɸibeto
|
*ɸiɸixseti
|
*ɸixst
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸibomosi
|
*ɸibemo
|
*ɸiɸixsomosi
|
*ɸixsme
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸibetesi
|
*ɸibestē
|
*ɸiɸixsetesi
|
*ɸixste
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸibonti
|
*ɸibento
|
*ɸiɸixsonti
|
*ɸixsant
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸeixsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*ɸeixsesi
|
?
|
*ɸibe
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸeixseti
|
?
|
*ɸibetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸeixsomosi
|
?
|
*ɸibomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸeixsetesi
|
?
|
*ɸibete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸeixsonti
|
?
|
*ɸibontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸibūr
|
—
|
*ɸiɸixsūr
|
?
|
| 2nd singular
|
*ɸibetar
|
—
|
*ɸiɸixsetar
|
?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸibetor
|
?
|
*ɸiɸixsetor
|
?
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸibommor
|
—
|
*ɸiɸixsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸibedwe
|
—
|
*ɸiɸixsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸibontor
|
?
|
*ɸiɸixsontor
|
*ɸixsanto
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸeixsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*ɸeixsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸeixsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸeixsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸeixsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸeixsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸibonts
|
*ɸibonte
|
*ɸibontes
|
| vocative
|
*ɸibonts
|
*ɸibonte
|
*ɸibontes
|
| accusative
|
*ɸibontam
|
*ɸibonte
|
*ɸibontans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸibantos
|
*?
|
*ɸibantom
|
| dative
|
*ɸibantei
|
*ɸibantbom
|
*ɸibantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸibantī?
|
*ɸibantbim
|
*ɸibantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸibantī
|
*ɸibantī
|
*ɸibantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*ɸibantī
|
*ɸibantī
|
*ɸibantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*ɸibantīm
|
*ɸibantī
|
*ɸibantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸibantyās
|
*?
|
*ɸibantyom
|
| dative
|
*ɸibantyāi
|
*ɸibantyābom
|
*ɸibantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*ɸibantyābim
|
*ɸibantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸibont
|
*?
|
*ɸibonta
|
| vocative
|
*ɸibont
|
*?
|
*ɸibonta
|
| accusative
|
*ɸibont
|
*?
|
*ɸibonta
|
| genitive
|
*ɸibantos
|
*?
|
*ɸibantom
|
| dative
|
*ɸibantei
|
*?
|
*ɸibantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸibantī?
|
*?
|
*ɸibantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸibomnos
|
*ɸibomnou
|
*ɸibomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*ɸibomne
|
*ɸibomnou
|
*ɸibomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*ɸibomnom
|
*ɸibomnou
|
*ɸibomnons
|
| genitive
|
*ɸibomnī
|
*ɸibomnous
|
*ɸibomnom
|
| dative
|
*ɸibomnūi
|
*ɸibomnobom
|
*ɸibomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸibomnū
|
*ɸibomnobim
|
*ɸibomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸibomnā
|
*ɸibomnai
|
*ɸibomnās
|
| vocative
|
*ɸibomnā
|
*ɸibomnai
|
*ɸibomnās
|
| accusative
|
*ɸibomnam
|
*ɸibomnai
|
*ɸibomnans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸibomnās
|
*ɸibomnous
|
*ɸibomnom
|
| dative
|
*ɸibomnai
|
*ɸibomnābom
|
*ɸibomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*ɸibomnābim
|
*ɸibomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸibomnom
|
*ɸibomnou
|
*ɸibomnā
|
| vocative
|
*ɸibomnom
|
*ɸibomnou
|
*ɸibomnā
|
| accusative
|
*ɸibomnom
|
*ɸibomnou
|
*ɸibomnā
|
| genitive
|
*ɸibomnī
|
*ɸibomnous
|
*ɸibomnom
|
| dative
|
*ɸibomnūi
|
*ɸibomnobom
|
*ɸibomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸibomnū
|
*ɸibomnobim
|
*ɸibomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸixtos
|
*ɸixtou
|
*ɸixtoi
|
| vocative
|
*ɸixte
|
*ɸixtou
|
*ɸixtoi
|
| accusative
|
*ɸixtom
|
*ɸixtou
|
*ɸixtons
|
| genitive
|
*ɸixtī
|
*ɸixtous
|
*ɸixtom
|
| dative
|
*ɸixtūi
|
*ɸixtobom
|
*ɸixtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸixtū
|
*ɸixtobim
|
*ɸixtobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸixtā
|
*ɸixtai
|
*ɸixtās
|
| vocative
|
*ɸixtā
|
*ɸixtai
|
*ɸixtās
|
| accusative
|
*ɸixtam
|
*ɸixtai
|
*ɸixtans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸixtās
|
*ɸixtous
|
*ɸixtom
|
| dative
|
*ɸixtai
|
*ɸixtābom
|
*ɸixtābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*ɸixtābim
|
*ɸixtābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸixtom
|
*ɸixtou
|
*ɸixtā
|
| vocative
|
*ɸixtom
|
*ɸixtou
|
*ɸixtā
|
| accusative
|
*ɸixtom
|
*ɸixtou
|
*ɸixtā
|
| genitive
|
*ɸixtī
|
*ɸixtous
|
*ɸixtom
|
| dative
|
*ɸixtūi
|
*ɸixtobom
|
*ɸixtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸixtū
|
*ɸixtobim
|
*ɸixtobis
|
Descendants
- Brythonic: *ɨβɨd
- Middle Breton: yvet
- Middle Cornish: eva, eve
- Old Welsh: iben (1pl. impf.)
- Old Irish: ibid
- Gaulish: ibetis (2pl.impv/ind.)
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*fib-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 130