Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/Φīweriyū
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From *ɸīweriyū (“earth, soil”).[1]
Proper noun
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *Φīweriyū | — | — |
| vocative | *Φīweriyū | — | — |
| accusative | *Φīweriyonam | — | — |
| genitive | *Φīweriyonos | — | — |
| dative | *Φīweriyonei | — | — |
| locative | *Φīweriyon(i) | — | — |
| instrumental | *Φīweriyonei | — | — |
Alternative reconstructions
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *Iwerið (from the nominative)
- Welsh: Iwerydd (“Atlantic (sea)”)
- Proto-Brythonic: *Iwerðon (from oblique stem)
- Primitive Irish: *Īweriū
- >? Old Irish: Ériu, Hériu (with unexplained irregular é)
- Middle Irish: Ériu, Hériu
- →⇒ Old English: Īrland
- → Old Norse: írar
- → Ancient Greek: Ἰ̄έρνη (Īérnē), Ἰ̄ουερνία (Īouernía), Ἱ̄βερνία (Hībernía)
- → Latin: Ierna, Iverna, Hibernia
- >? Old Irish: Ériu, Hériu (with unexplained irregular é)
References
- ^ Stüber, Karin (1998) The Historical Morphology of n-Stems in Celtic (Maynooth studies in Celtic linguistics; III), Department of Old Irish, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, →ISBN, page 95
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*fīweryon-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 131
- ^ Koch, John (2004) “*Φīwerjon-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 185
- ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 288: “*īu̯Vr-ii̯ū”
- ^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 107-108: “*īu̯erii̯ō(n)”