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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg-.[1]
Verb
*begeti
- to break
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*begū
|
*begemam
|
?
|
*bāga
|
| 2nd singular
|
*begesi
|
*begetās
|
?
|
*bāgas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*begeti
|
*begeto
|
?
|
*bāge
|
| 1st plural
|
*begomosi
|
*begemo
|
?
|
*bāgmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*begetesi
|
*begestē
|
?
|
*bāxte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*begonti
|
*begento
|
?
|
*bāgars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*bexsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*bexsesi
|
?
|
*bege
|
| 3rd singular
|
*bexseti
|
?
|
*begetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*bexsomosi
|
?
|
*begomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*bexsetesi
|
?
|
*begete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*bexsonti
|
?
|
*begontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*begūr
|
—
|
?
|
*bāgra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*begetar
|
—
|
?
|
*bāgras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*begetor
|
?
|
?
|
*bāgre
|
| 1st plural
|
*begommor
|
—
|
?
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*begedwe
|
—
|
?
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*begontor
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*bexsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*bexsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*bexsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*bexsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*bexsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*bexsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*begonts
|
*begonte
|
*begontes
|
| vocative
|
*begonts
|
*begonte
|
*begontes
|
| accusative
|
*begontam
|
*begonte
|
*begontans
|
| genitive
|
*begantos
|
*?
|
*begantom
|
| dative
|
*begantei
|
*begantbom
|
*begantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*begantī?
|
*begantbim
|
*begantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*begantī
|
*begantī
|
*begantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*begantī
|
*begantī
|
*begantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*begantīm
|
*begantī
|
*begantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*begantyās
|
*?
|
*begantyom
|
| dative
|
*begantyāi
|
*begantyābom
|
*begantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*begantyābim
|
*begantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*begont
|
*?
|
*begonta
|
| vocative
|
*begont
|
*?
|
*begonta
|
| accusative
|
*begont
|
*?
|
*begonta
|
| genitive
|
*begantos
|
*?
|
*begantom
|
| dative
|
*begantei
|
*?
|
*begantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*begantī?
|
*?
|
*begantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*begomnos
|
*begomnou
|
*begomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*begomne
|
*begomnou
|
*begomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*begomnom
|
*begomnou
|
*begomnons
|
| genitive
|
*begomnī
|
*begomnous
|
*begomnom
|
| dative
|
*begomnūi
|
*begomnobom
|
*begomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*begomnū
|
*begomnobim
|
*begomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*begomnā
|
*begomnai
|
*begomnās
|
| vocative
|
*begomnā
|
*begomnai
|
*begomnās
|
| accusative
|
*begomnam
|
*begomnai
|
*begomnans
|
| genitive
|
*begomnās
|
*begomnous
|
*begomnom
|
| dative
|
*begomnai
|
*begomnābom
|
*begomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*begomnābim
|
*begomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*begomnom
|
*begomnou
|
*begomnā
|
| vocative
|
*begomnom
|
*begomnou
|
*begomnā
|
| accusative
|
*begomnom
|
*begomnou
|
*begomnā
|
| genitive
|
*begomnī
|
*begomnous
|
*begomnom
|
| dative
|
*begomnūi
|
*begomnobom
|
*begomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*begomnū
|
*begomnobim
|
*begomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*bextos
|
*bextou
|
*bextoi
|
| vocative
|
*bexte
|
*bextou
|
*bextoi
|
| accusative
|
*bextom
|
*bextou
|
*bextons
|
| genitive
|
*bextī
|
*bextous
|
*bextom
|
| dative
|
*bextūi
|
*bextobom
|
*bextobos
|
| instrumental
|
*bextū
|
*bextobim
|
*bextobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*bextā
|
*bextai
|
*bextās
|
| vocative
|
*bextā
|
*bextai
|
*bextās
|
| accusative
|
*bextam
|
*bextai
|
*bextans
|
| genitive
|
*bextās
|
*bextous
|
*bextom
|
| dative
|
*bextai
|
*bextābom
|
*bextābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*bextābim
|
*bextābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*bextom
|
*bextou
|
*bextā
|
| vocative
|
*bextom
|
*bextou
|
*bextā
|
| accusative
|
*bextom
|
*bextou
|
*bextā
|
| genitive
|
*bextī
|
*bextous
|
*bextom
|
| dative
|
*bextūi
|
*bextobom
|
*bextobos
|
| instrumental
|
*bextū
|
*bextobim
|
*bextobis
|
Derived terms
This verb was frequently conflated with its similar-looking synonym *bungeti, making spotting descendants difficult.
- *to-begeti
- *to-ati-begeti
Descendants
- Old Irish: ro·mbecht (passive singular)
References
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 216-217