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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- (“to cut up”).
Verb
*brinati[1]
- to break, damage
Inflection
| Athematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*brinami
|
*brinamam
|
*bibrīsū
|
*bebra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*brinasi
|
*brinatās
|
*bibrīsesi
|
*bebras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*brinati
|
*brinato
|
*bibrīseti
|
*bebre
|
| 1st plural
|
*brinamosi
|
*brinamo
|
*bibrīsomosi
|
*bebrmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*brinatesi
|
*brinastē
|
*bibrīsetesi
|
*bebre
|
| 3rd plural
|
*brinanti
|
*brinanto
|
*bibrīsonti
|
*bebrars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*breyasū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*breyasesi
|
?
|
*brina
|
| 3rd singular
|
*breyaseti
|
?
|
*brinatou
|
| 1st plural
|
*breyasomosi
|
?
|
*brinamos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*breyasetesi
|
?
|
*brinate
|
| 3rd plural
|
*breyasonti
|
?
|
*brinantou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*brinar
|
—
|
*bibrīsūr
|
*bebrra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*brinatar
|
—
|
*bibrīsetar
|
*bebrras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*brinator
|
?
|
*bibrīsetor
|
*bebrre
|
| 1st plural
|
*brinammor
|
—
|
*bibrīsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*brinadwe
|
—
|
*bibrīsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*brinantor
|
?
|
*bibrīsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*breyasūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*breyasetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*breyasetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*breyasommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*breyasedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*breyasontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*brinants
|
*brinante
|
*brinantes
|
| vocative
|
*brinants
|
*brinante
|
*brinantes
|
| accusative
|
*brinantam
|
*brinante
|
*brinantans
|
| genitive
|
*brinantos
|
*?
|
*brinantom
|
| dative
|
*brinantei
|
*brinantbom
|
*brinantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*brinantī?
|
*brinantbim
|
*brinantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*brinantī
|
*brinantī
|
*brinantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*brinantī
|
*brinantī
|
*brinantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*brinantīm
|
*brinantī
|
*brinantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*brinantyās
|
*?
|
*brinantyom
|
| dative
|
*brinantyāi
|
*brinantyābom
|
*brinantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*brinantyābim
|
*brinantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*brinant
|
*?
|
*brinanta
|
| vocative
|
*brinant
|
*?
|
*brinanta
|
| accusative
|
*brinant
|
*?
|
*brinanta
|
| genitive
|
*brinantos
|
*?
|
*brinantom
|
| dative
|
*brinantei
|
*?
|
*brinantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*brinantī?
|
*?
|
*brinantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*brinamnos
|
*brinamnou
|
*brinamnoi
|
| vocative
|
*brinamne
|
*brinamnou
|
*brinamnoi
|
| accusative
|
*brinamnom
|
*brinamnou
|
*brinamnons
|
| genitive
|
*brinamnī
|
*brinamnous
|
*brinamnom
|
| dative
|
*brinamnūi
|
*brinamnobom
|
*brinamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*brinamnū
|
*brinamnobim
|
*brinamnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*brinamnā
|
*brinamnai
|
*brinamnās
|
| vocative
|
*brinamnā
|
*brinamnai
|
*brinamnās
|
| accusative
|
*brinamnam
|
*brinamnai
|
*brinamnans
|
| genitive
|
*brinamnās
|
*brinamnous
|
*brinamnom
|
| dative
|
*brinamnai
|
*brinamnābom
|
*brinamnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*brinamnābim
|
*brinamnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*brinamnom
|
*brinamnou
|
*brinamnā
|
| vocative
|
*brinamnom
|
*brinamnou
|
*brinamnā
|
| accusative
|
*brinamnom
|
*brinamnou
|
*brinamnā
|
| genitive
|
*brinamnī
|
*brinamnous
|
*brinamnom
|
| dative
|
*brinamnūi
|
*brinamnobom
|
*brinamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*brinamnū
|
*brinamnobim
|
*brinamnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*brītos
|
*brītou
|
*brītoi
|
| vocative
|
*brīte
|
*brītou
|
*brītoi
|
| accusative
|
*brītom
|
*brītou
|
*brītons
|
| genitive
|
*brītī
|
*brītous
|
*brītom
|
| dative
|
*brītūi
|
*brītobom
|
*brītobos
|
| instrumental
|
*brītū
|
*brītobim
|
*brītobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*brītā
|
*brītai
|
*brītās
|
| vocative
|
*brītā
|
*brītai
|
*brītās
|
| accusative
|
*brītam
|
*brītai
|
*brītans
|
| genitive
|
*brītās
|
*brītous
|
*brītom
|
| dative
|
*brītai
|
*brītābom
|
*brītābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*brītābim
|
*brītābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*brītom
|
*brītou
|
*brītā
|
| vocative
|
*brītom
|
*brītou
|
*brītā
|
| accusative
|
*brītom
|
*brītou
|
*brītā
|
| genitive
|
*brītī
|
*brītous
|
*brītom
|
| dative
|
*brītūi
|
*brītobom
|
*brītobos
|
| instrumental
|
*brītū
|
*brītobim
|
*brītobis
|
Descendants
Only the subjunctive of this verb survives in Old Irish.
- Old Irish: ro·bria (3sg. subj.), ro·bríathar (pass. sg. subj.)
References
- ^ Campanile, Enrico (1982) “Note sur vieil-irlandais bronnaid (une nouvelle concordance lexicale et morphologique entre celtique et indo-iranien)”, in Etudes Celtiques (in French), volume 19, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 151–154