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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *demh₂- (“to subdue, tame”).[1]
Verb
*damnāti
- to subdue, bind
Inflection
| Nasal-infix athematic present with stem ablaut to an h₂-final root
|
| Active voice
|
|
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Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*damnāmi
|
*damnamam
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*damnāsi
|
*damnatās
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*damnāti
|
*damnato
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*damnamosi
|
*damnamo
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*damnatesi
|
*damnastē
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*damnanti
|
*damnanto
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*damnā
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*damnātou
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
?
|
*damnamos
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*damnate
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*damnantou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*damnār
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*damnātar
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*damnātor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*damnammor
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*damnadwe
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*damnantor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*damnonts
|
*damnonte
|
*damnontes
|
| vocative
|
*damnonts
|
*damnonte
|
*damnontes
|
| accusative
|
*damnontam
|
*damnonte
|
*damnontans
|
| genitive
|
*damnantos
|
*?
|
*damnantom
|
| dative
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*damnantei
|
*damnantbom
|
*damnantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*damnantī?
|
*damnantbim
|
*damnantbis
|
| feminine
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singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*damnantī
|
*damnantī
|
*damnantiyās
|
| vocative
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*damnantī
|
*damnantī
|
*damnantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*damnantīm
|
*damnantī
|
*damnantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*damnantyās
|
*?
|
*damnantyom
|
| dative
|
*damnantyāi
|
*damnantyābom
|
*damnantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*damnantyābim
|
*damnantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*damnont
|
*?
|
*damnonta
|
| vocative
|
*damnont
|
*?
|
*damnonta
|
| accusative
|
*damnont
|
*?
|
*damnonta
|
| genitive
|
*damnantos
|
*?
|
*damnantom
|
| dative
|
*damnantei
|
*?
|
*damnantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*damnantī?
|
*?
|
*damnantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*damnamnos
|
*damnamnou
|
*damnamnoi
|
| vocative
|
*damnamne
|
*damnamnou
|
*damnamnoi
|
| accusative
|
*damnamnom
|
*damnamnou
|
*damnamnons
|
| genitive
|
*damnamnī
|
*damnamnous
|
*damnamnom
|
| dative
|
*damnamnūi
|
*damnamnobom
|
*damnamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*damnamnū
|
*damnamnobim
|
*damnamnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*damnamnā
|
*damnamnai
|
*damnamnās
|
| vocative
|
*damnamnā
|
*damnamnai
|
*damnamnās
|
| accusative
|
*damnamnam
|
*damnamnai
|
*damnamnans
|
| genitive
|
*damnamnās
|
*damnamnous
|
*damnamnom
|
| dative
|
*damnamnai
|
*damnamnābom
|
*damnamnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*damnamnābim
|
*damnamnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*damnamnom
|
*damnamnou
|
*damnamnā
|
| vocative
|
*damnamnom
|
*damnamnou
|
*damnamnā
|
| accusative
|
*damnamnom
|
*damnamnou
|
*damnamnā
|
| genitive
|
*damnamnī
|
*damnamnous
|
*damnamnom
|
| dative
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*damnamnūi
|
*damnamnobom
|
*damnamnobos
|
| instrumental
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*damnamnū
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*damnamnobim
|
*damnamnobis
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Descendants
- Old Irish: damnaid (“to subdue”)
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*dam-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 88