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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to pull, lead”).
Verb
*duketi[1]
- to lead
- to carry
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*dukū
|
*dukemam
|
*diduxsū
|
*dudouka
|
| 2nd singular
|
*dukesi
|
*duketās
|
*diduxsesi
|
*dudoukas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*duketi
|
*duketo
|
*diduxseti
|
*dudouke
|
| 1st plural
|
*dukomosi
|
*dukemo
|
*diduxsomosi
|
*dudoukmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*duketesi
|
*dukestē
|
*diduxsetesi
|
*dudouxte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*dukonti
|
*dukento
|
*diduxsonti
|
*dudoukars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*douxsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*douxsesi
|
?
|
*duke
|
| 3rd singular
|
*douxseti
|
?
|
*duketou
|
| 1st plural
|
*douxsomosi
|
?
|
*dukomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*douxsetesi
|
?
|
*dukete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*douxsonti
|
?
|
*dukontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*dukūr
|
—
|
*diduxsūr
|
*dudoukra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*duketar
|
—
|
*diduxsetar
|
*dudoukras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*duketor
|
?
|
*diduxsetor
|
*dudoukre
|
| 1st plural
|
*dukommor
|
—
|
*diduxsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*dukedwe
|
—
|
*diduxsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*dukontor
|
?
|
*diduxsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*douxsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*douxsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*douxsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*douxsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*douxsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*douxsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*dukonts
|
*dukonte
|
*dukontes
|
| vocative
|
*dukonts
|
*dukonte
|
*dukontes
|
| accusative
|
*dukontam
|
*dukonte
|
*dukontans
|
| genitive
|
*dukantos
|
*?
|
*dukantom
|
| dative
|
*dukantei
|
*dukantbom
|
*dukantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*dukantī?
|
*dukantbim
|
*dukantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*dukantī
|
*dukantī
|
*dukantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*dukantī
|
*dukantī
|
*dukantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*dukantīm
|
*dukantī
|
*dukantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*dukantyās
|
*?
|
*dukantyom
|
| dative
|
*dukantyāi
|
*dukantyābom
|
*dukantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*dukantyābim
|
*dukantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*dukont
|
*?
|
*dukonta
|
| vocative
|
*dukont
|
*?
|
*dukonta
|
| accusative
|
*dukont
|
*?
|
*dukonta
|
| genitive
|
*dukantos
|
*?
|
*dukantom
|
| dative
|
*dukantei
|
*?
|
*dukantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*dukantī?
|
*?
|
*dukantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*dukomnos
|
*dukomnou
|
*dukomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*dukomne
|
*dukomnou
|
*dukomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*dukomnom
|
*dukomnou
|
*dukomnons
|
| genitive
|
*dukomnī
|
*dukomnous
|
*dukomnom
|
| dative
|
*dukomnūi
|
*dukomnobom
|
*dukomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*dukomnū
|
*dukomnobim
|
*dukomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*dukomnā
|
*dukomnai
|
*dukomnās
|
| vocative
|
*dukomnā
|
*dukomnai
|
*dukomnās
|
| accusative
|
*dukomnam
|
*dukomnai
|
*dukomnans
|
| genitive
|
*dukomnās
|
*dukomnous
|
*dukomnom
|
| dative
|
*dukomnai
|
*dukomnābom
|
*dukomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*dukomnābim
|
*dukomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*dukomnom
|
*dukomnou
|
*dukomnā
|
| vocative
|
*dukomnom
|
*dukomnou
|
*dukomnā
|
| accusative
|
*dukomnom
|
*dukomnou
|
*dukomnā
|
| genitive
|
*dukomnī
|
*dukomnous
|
*dukomnom
|
| dative
|
*dukomnūi
|
*dukomnobom
|
*dukomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*dukomnū
|
*dukomnobim
|
*dukomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*duxtos
|
*duxtou
|
*duxtoi
|
| vocative
|
*duxte
|
*duxtou
|
*duxtoi
|
| accusative
|
*duxtom
|
*duxtou
|
*duxtons
|
| genitive
|
*duxtī
|
*duxtous
|
*duxtom
|
| dative
|
*duxtūi
|
*duxtobom
|
*duxtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*duxtū
|
*duxtobim
|
*duxtobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*duxtā
|
*duxtai
|
*duxtās
|
| vocative
|
*duxtā
|
*duxtai
|
*duxtās
|
| accusative
|
*duxtam
|
*duxtai
|
*duxtans
|
| genitive
|
*duxtās
|
*duxtous
|
*duxtom
|
| dative
|
*duxtai
|
*duxtābom
|
*duxtābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*duxtābim
|
*duxtābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*duxtom
|
*duxtou
|
*duxtā
|
| vocative
|
*duxtom
|
*duxtou
|
*duxtā
|
| accusative
|
*duxtom
|
*duxtou
|
*duxtā
|
| genitive
|
*duxtī
|
*duxtous
|
*duxtom
|
| dative
|
*duxtūi
|
*duxtobom
|
*duxtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*duxtū
|
*duxtobim
|
*duxtobis
|
Descendants
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*duk-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 108