|
|
This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eys- (“to seek”),[1] more specifically via *h₂is-sḱé-ti, a *-sḱéti present.[2][3]
Verb
*issketi[2]
- to seek
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*isskū
|
*isskemam
|
*īssū
|
*iyoisa
|
| 2nd singular
|
*isskesi
|
*issketās
|
*īssesi
|
*iyoisas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*issketi
|
*issketo
|
*īsseti
|
*iyoise
|
| 1st plural
|
*isskomosi
|
*isskemo
|
*īssomosi
|
*iyoismo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*issketesi
|
*isskestē
|
*īssetesi
|
*iyoise
|
| 3rd plural
|
*isskonti
|
*isskento
|
*īssonti
|
*iyoisars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*eissū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*eissesi
|
?
|
*isske
|
| 3rd singular
|
*eisseti
|
?
|
*issketou
|
| 1st plural
|
*eissomosi
|
?
|
*isskomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*eissetesi
|
?
|
*isskete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*eissonti
|
?
|
*isskontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*isskūr
|
—
|
*īssūr
|
*iyoisra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*issketar
|
—
|
*īssetar
|
*iyoisras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*issketor
|
?
|
*īssetor
|
*iyoisre
|
| 1st plural
|
*isskommor
|
—
|
*īssommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*isskedwe
|
—
|
*īssedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*isskontor
|
?
|
*īssontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*eissūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*eissetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*eissetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*eissommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*eissedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*eissontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*isskonts
|
*isskonte
|
*isskontes
|
| vocative
|
*isskonts
|
*isskonte
|
*isskontes
|
| accusative
|
*isskontam
|
*isskonte
|
*isskontans
|
| genitive
|
*isskantos
|
*?
|
*isskantom
|
| dative
|
*isskantei
|
*isskantbom
|
*isskantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*isskantī?
|
*isskantbim
|
*isskantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*isskantī
|
*isskantī
|
*isskantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*isskantī
|
*isskantī
|
*isskantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*isskantīm
|
*isskantī
|
*isskantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*isskantyās
|
*?
|
*isskantyom
|
| dative
|
*isskantyāi
|
*isskantyābom
|
*isskantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*isskantyābim
|
*isskantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*isskont
|
*?
|
*isskonta
|
| vocative
|
*isskont
|
*?
|
*isskonta
|
| accusative
|
*isskont
|
*?
|
*isskonta
|
| genitive
|
*isskantos
|
*?
|
*isskantom
|
| dative
|
*isskantei
|
*?
|
*isskantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*isskantī?
|
*?
|
*isskantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*isskomnos
|
*isskomnou
|
*isskomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*isskomne
|
*isskomnou
|
*isskomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*isskomnom
|
*isskomnou
|
*isskomnons
|
| genitive
|
*isskomnī
|
*isskomnous
|
*isskomnom
|
| dative
|
*isskomnūi
|
*isskomnobom
|
*isskomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*isskomnū
|
*isskomnobim
|
*isskomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*isskomnā
|
*isskomnai
|
*isskomnās
|
| vocative
|
*isskomnā
|
*isskomnai
|
*isskomnās
|
| accusative
|
*isskomnam
|
*isskomnai
|
*isskomnans
|
| genitive
|
*isskomnās
|
*isskomnous
|
*isskomnom
|
| dative
|
*isskomnai
|
*isskomnābom
|
*isskomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*isskomnābim
|
*isskomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*isskomnom
|
*isskomnou
|
*isskomnā
|
| vocative
|
*isskomnom
|
*isskomnou
|
*isskomnā
|
| accusative
|
*isskomnom
|
*isskomnou
|
*isskomnā
|
| genitive
|
*isskomnī
|
*isskomnous
|
*isskomnom
|
| dative
|
*isskomnūi
|
*isskomnobom
|
*isskomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*isskomnū
|
*isskomnobim
|
*isskomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*istos
|
*istou
|
*istoi
|
| vocative
|
*iste
|
*istou
|
*istoi
|
| accusative
|
*istom
|
*istou
|
*istons
|
| genitive
|
*istī
|
*istous
|
*istom
|
| dative
|
*istūi
|
*istobom
|
*istobos
|
| instrumental
|
*istū
|
*istobim
|
*istobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*istā
|
*istai
|
*istās
|
| vocative
|
*istā
|
*istai
|
*istās
|
| accusative
|
*istam
|
*istai
|
*istans
|
| genitive
|
*istās
|
*istous
|
*istom
|
| dative
|
*istai
|
*istābom
|
*istābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*istābim
|
*istābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*istom
|
*istou
|
*istā
|
| vocative
|
*istom
|
*istou
|
*istā
|
| accusative
|
*istom
|
*istou
|
*istā
|
| genitive
|
*istī
|
*istous
|
*istom
|
| dative
|
*istūi
|
*istobom
|
*istobos
|
| instrumental
|
*istū
|
*istobim
|
*istobis
|
Derived terms
- *ad-issketi
- ⇒ Middle Irish: aiscid, ascaid
- *issk-ā-tis
- Middle Irish: escaid (“cleansing of vermin”)
- Unsorted formations:
- Lepontic: 𐌉𐌔𐌉𐌕𐌉 (isiti, “asks the gods? prays?”, 3sg. pres. of *is-e-yeti > *isīti?[4] 3sg. fut. *is-syeti?)
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 172–173
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hamp, Eric P. (1974) “Varia”, in Ériu[1], volume 25, Royal Irish Academy, →ISSN, →JSTOR, pages 253–284
- ^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 26
- ^ Eska, Joseph (2024) “Observations on the Carona (Bergamo) inscriptions”, in Corinna Salomon and David Stifter, editors, Cisalpine Celtic literacy: Proceedings of the international symposium, Maynooth 23–24 June 2022, Hagen: Curach Bhán, page 168