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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kʷri-né-h₂-ti ~ *kʷri-n-h₂-énti.
Verb
*kʷrināti
- to buy
Inflection
| Nasal-infix athematic present with stem ablaut to an h₂-final root, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*kʷrināmi
|
*kʷrinamam
|
*kʷikʷrīsū
|
*kʷikʷra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*kʷrināsi
|
*kʷrinatās
|
*kʷikʷrīsesi
|
*kʷikʷras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*kʷrināti
|
*kʷrinato
|
*kʷikʷrīseti
|
*kʷikʷre
|
| 1st plural
|
*kʷrinamosi
|
*kʷrinamo
|
*kʷikʷrīsomosi
|
*kʷikʷrmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*kʷrinatesi
|
*kʷrinastē
|
*kʷikʷrīsetesi
|
*kʷikʷre
|
| 3rd plural
|
*kʷrinanti
|
*kʷrinanto
|
*kʷikʷrīsonti
|
*kʷikʷrars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*kʷreyasū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*kʷreyasesi
|
?
|
*kʷrinā
|
| 3rd singular
|
*kʷreyaseti
|
?
|
*kʷrinātou
|
| 1st plural
|
*kʷreyasomosi
|
?
|
*kʷrinamos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*kʷreyasetesi
|
?
|
*kʷrinate
|
| 3rd plural
|
*kʷreyasonti
|
?
|
*kʷrinantou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*kʷrinār
|
—
|
*kʷikʷrīsūr
|
*kʷikʷrra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*kʷrinātar
|
—
|
*kʷikʷrīsetar
|
*kʷikʷrras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*kʷrinātor
|
?
|
*kʷikʷrīsetor
|
*kʷikʷrre
|
| 1st plural
|
*kʷrinammor
|
—
|
*kʷikʷrīsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*kʷrinadwe
|
—
|
*kʷikʷrīsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*kʷrinantor
|
?
|
*kʷikʷrīsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*kʷreyasūr
|
—
|
—
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| 2nd singular
|
*kʷreyasetar
|
—
|
—
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| 3rd singular
|
*kʷreyasetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*kʷreyasommor
|
—
|
—
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| 2nd plural
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*kʷreyasedwe
|
—
|
—
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| 3rd plural
|
*kʷreyasontor
|
—
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—
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| Declension of the present participle
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| masculine
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singular
|
dual
|
plural
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| nominative
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*kʷrinonts
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*kʷrinonte
|
*kʷrinontes
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| vocative
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*kʷrinonts
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*kʷrinonte
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*kʷrinontes
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| accusative
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*kʷrinontam
|
*kʷrinonte
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*kʷrinontans
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| genitive
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*kʷrinantos
|
*?
|
*kʷrinantom
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| dative
|
*kʷrinantei
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*kʷrinantbom
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*kʷrinantbos
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| instrumental
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*kʷrinantī?
|
*kʷrinantbim
|
*kʷrinantbis
|
| feminine
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singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷrinantī
|
*kʷrinantī
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*kʷrinantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*kʷrinantī
|
*kʷrinantī
|
*kʷrinantiyās
|
| accusative
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*kʷrinantīm
|
*kʷrinantī
|
*kʷrinantiyans
|
| genitive
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*kʷrinantyās
|
*?
|
*kʷrinantyom
|
| dative
|
*kʷrinantyāi
|
*kʷrinantyābom
|
*kʷrinantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*kʷrinantyābim
|
*kʷrinantyābis
|
| neuter
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singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷrinont
|
*?
|
*kʷrinonta
|
| vocative
|
*kʷrinont
|
*?
|
*kʷrinonta
|
| accusative
|
*kʷrinont
|
*?
|
*kʷrinonta
|
| genitive
|
*kʷrinantos
|
*?
|
*kʷrinantom
|
| dative
|
*kʷrinantei
|
*?
|
*kʷrinantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*kʷrinantī?
|
*?
|
*kʷrinantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷrinamnos
|
*kʷrinamnou
|
*kʷrinamnoi
|
| vocative
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*kʷrinamne
|
*kʷrinamnou
|
*kʷrinamnoi
|
| accusative
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*kʷrinamnom
|
*kʷrinamnou
|
*kʷrinamnons
|
| genitive
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*kʷrinamnī
|
*kʷrinamnous
|
*kʷrinamnom
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| dative
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*kʷrinamnūi
|
*kʷrinamnobom
|
*kʷrinamnobos
|
| instrumental
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*kʷrinamnū
|
*kʷrinamnobim
|
*kʷrinamnobis
|
| feminine
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singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
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*kʷrinamnā
|
*kʷrinamnai
|
*kʷrinamnās
|
| vocative
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*kʷrinamnā
|
*kʷrinamnai
|
*kʷrinamnās
|
| accusative
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*kʷrinamnam
|
*kʷrinamnai
|
*kʷrinamnans
|
| genitive
|
*kʷrinamnās
|
*kʷrinamnous
|
*kʷrinamnom
|
| dative
|
*kʷrinamnai
|
*kʷrinamnābom
|
*kʷrinamnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*kʷrinamnābim
|
*kʷrinamnābis
|
| neuter
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singular
|
dual
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plural
|
| nominative
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*kʷrinamnom
|
*kʷrinamnou
|
*kʷrinamnā
|
| vocative
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*kʷrinamnom
|
*kʷrinamnou
|
*kʷrinamnā
|
| accusative
|
*kʷrinamnom
|
*kʷrinamnou
|
*kʷrinamnā
|
| genitive
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*kʷrinamnī
|
*kʷrinamnous
|
*kʷrinamnom
|
| dative
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*kʷrinamnūi
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*kʷrinamnobom
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*kʷrinamnobos
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| instrumental
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*kʷrinamnū
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*kʷrinamnobim
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*kʷrinamnobis
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| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
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*kʷrītos
|
*kʷrītou
|
*kʷrītoi
|
| vocative
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*kʷrīte
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*kʷrītou
|
*kʷrītoi
|
| accusative
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*kʷrītom
|
*kʷrītou
|
*kʷrītons
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| genitive
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*kʷrītī
|
*kʷrītous
|
*kʷrītom
|
| dative
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*kʷrītūi
|
*kʷrītobom
|
*kʷrītobos
|
| instrumental
|
*kʷrītū
|
*kʷrītobim
|
*kʷrītobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*kʷrītā
|
*kʷrītai
|
*kʷrītās
|
| vocative
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*kʷrītā
|
*kʷrītai
|
*kʷrītās
|
| accusative
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*kʷrītam
|
*kʷrītai
|
*kʷrītans
|
| genitive
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*kʷrītās
|
*kʷrītous
|
*kʷrītom
|
| dative
|
*kʷrītai
|
*kʷrītābom
|
*kʷrītābos
|
| instrumental
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*?
|
*kʷrītābim
|
*kʷrītābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
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*kʷrītom
|
*kʷrītou
|
*kʷrītā
|
| vocative
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*kʷrītom
|
*kʷrītou
|
*kʷrītā
|
| accusative
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*kʷrītom
|
*kʷrītou
|
*kʷrītā
|
| genitive
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*kʷrītī
|
*kʷrītous
|
*kʷrītom
|
| dative
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*kʷrītūi
|
*kʷrītobom
|
*kʷrītobos
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| instrumental
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*kʷrītū
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*kʷrītobim
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*kʷrītobis
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Derived terms
Descendants
- Brythonic: *prɨnad
- Old Breton: prenaff
- Old Cornish: prinid
- Middle Welsh: prynnu
- Old Irish: crenaid
- Irish: crean (“obtain, purchase”)