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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From *kanta- (“together”) + *bwiyeti (“to be”).
Verb
*kantabwiyeti[1]
- to perceive
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
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Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*kantabwiyū
|
*kantabwiyemam
|
*kantabibūsū
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*kantabubuwa
|
| 2nd singular
|
*kantabwiyesi
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*kantabwiyetās
|
*kantabibūsesi
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*kantabubuwas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*kantabwiyeti
|
*kantabwiyeto
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*kantabibūseti
|
*kantabubuwe
|
| 1st plural
|
*kantabwiyomosi
|
*kantabwiyemo
|
*kantabibūsomosi
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*kantabubuwmo
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| 2nd plural
|
*kantabwiyetesi
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*kantabwiyestē
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*kantabibūsetesi
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*kantabubuwe
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| 3rd plural
|
*kantabwiyonti
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*kantabwiyento
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*kantabibūsonti
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*kantabubuwars
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|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*kantabuwū
|
?
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—
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| 2nd singular
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*kantabuwesi
|
?
|
*kantabwiye
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| 3rd singular
|
*kantabuweti
|
?
|
*kantabwiyetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*kantabuwomosi
|
?
|
*kantabwiyomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*kantabuwetesi
|
?
|
*kantabwiyete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*kantabuwonti
|
?
|
*kantabwiyontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*kantabwiyūr
|
—
|
*kantabibūsūr
|
*kantabubuwra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*kantabwiyetar
|
—
|
*kantabibūsetar
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*kantabubuwras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*kantabwiyetor
|
?
|
*kantabibūsetor
|
*kantabubuwre
|
| 1st plural
|
*kantabwiyommor
|
—
|
*kantabibūsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*kantabwiyedwe
|
—
|
*kantabibūsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*kantabwiyontor
|
?
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*kantabibūsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
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Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*kantabuwūr
|
—
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—
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| 2nd singular
|
*kantabuwetar
|
—
|
—
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| 3rd singular
|
*kantabuwetor
|
—
|
—
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| 1st plural
|
*kantabuwommor
|
—
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—
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| 2nd plural
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*kantabuwedwe
|
—
|
—
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| 3rd plural
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*kantabuwontor
|
—
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—
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| Declension of the present participle
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| masculine
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*kantabwiyonts
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*kantabwiyonte
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*kantabwiyontes
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| vocative
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*kantabwiyonts
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*kantabwiyonte
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*kantabwiyontes
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| accusative
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*kantabwiyontam
|
*kantabwiyonte
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*kantabwiyontans
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| genitive
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*kantabwiyantos
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*?
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*kantabwiyantom
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| dative
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*kantabwiyantei
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*kantabwiyantbom
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*kantabwiyantbos
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| instrumental
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*kantabwiyantī?
|
*kantabwiyantbim
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*kantabwiyantbis
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| feminine
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*kantabwiyantī
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*kantabwiyantī
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*kantabwiyantiyās
|
| vocative
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*kantabwiyantī
|
*kantabwiyantī
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*kantabwiyantiyās
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| accusative
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*kantabwiyantīm
|
*kantabwiyantī
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*kantabwiyantiyans
|
| genitive
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*kantabwiyantyās
|
*?
|
*kantabwiyantyom
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| dative
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*kantabwiyantyāi
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*kantabwiyantyābom
|
*kantabwiyantyābos
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| instrumental
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*?
|
*kantabwiyantyābim
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*kantabwiyantyābis
|
| neuter
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singular
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dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
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*kantabwiyont
|
*?
|
*kantabwiyonta
|
| vocative
|
*kantabwiyont
|
*?
|
*kantabwiyonta
|
| accusative
|
*kantabwiyont
|
*?
|
*kantabwiyonta
|
| genitive
|
*kantabwiyantos
|
*?
|
*kantabwiyantom
|
| dative
|
*kantabwiyantei
|
*?
|
*kantabwiyantbos
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| instrumental
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*kantabwiyantī?
|
*?
|
*kantabwiyantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
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singular
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dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
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*kantabwiyomnos
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*kantabwiyomnou
|
*kantabwiyomnoi
|
| vocative
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*kantabwiyomne
|
*kantabwiyomnou
|
*kantabwiyomnoi
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| accusative
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*kantabwiyomnom
|
*kantabwiyomnou
|
*kantabwiyomnons
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| genitive
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*kantabwiyomnī
|
*kantabwiyomnous
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*kantabwiyomnom
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| dative
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*kantabwiyomnūi
|
*kantabwiyomnobom
|
*kantabwiyomnobos
|
| instrumental
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*kantabwiyomnū
|
*kantabwiyomnobim
|
*kantabwiyomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
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*kantabwiyomnā
|
*kantabwiyomnai
|
*kantabwiyomnās
|
| vocative
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*kantabwiyomnā
|
*kantabwiyomnai
|
*kantabwiyomnās
|
| accusative
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*kantabwiyomnam
|
*kantabwiyomnai
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*kantabwiyomnans
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| genitive
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*kantabwiyomnās
|
*kantabwiyomnous
|
*kantabwiyomnom
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| dative
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*kantabwiyomnai
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*kantabwiyomnābom
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*kantabwiyomnābos
|
| instrumental
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*?
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*kantabwiyomnābim
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*kantabwiyomnābis
|
| neuter
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singular
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dual
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plural
|
| nominative
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*kantabwiyomnom
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*kantabwiyomnou
|
*kantabwiyomnā
|
| vocative
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*kantabwiyomnom
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*kantabwiyomnou
|
*kantabwiyomnā
|
| accusative
|
*kantabwiyomnom
|
*kantabwiyomnou
|
*kantabwiyomnā
|
| genitive
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*kantabwiyomnī
|
*kantabwiyomnous
|
*kantabwiyomnom
|
| dative
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*kantabwiyomnūi
|
*kantabwiyomnobom
|
*kantabwiyomnobos
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| instrumental
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*kantabwiyomnū
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*kantabwiyomnobim
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*kantabwiyomnobis
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Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *kantβɨð (deuterotonic), *kėntβɨð (prototonic)
- Middle Welsh: kanuot
- ⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *arkėntβɨð (deuterotonic), *ėrkėntβɨð (prototonic)
- Old Breton: ercentbidi (2sg. pres.)
- Middle Welsh: arganuot
- Old Irish: ceta·bí
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kanta-bw-iyo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 188